Social Learning Theory

• Who developed Social Learning Theory (SLT)?

  Albert Bandura
• Social Learning Theory is sometimes called observational learning.
• Social Learning Theory is purely based on conditioning principles.

  False
• Steps involved in observational learning according to Social Learning Theory

  1️⃣ Attention

  2️⃣ Retention

  3️⃣ Reproduction

  4️⃣ Motivation
• In observational learning, the observer must retain the behavior in their memory.
• What is the term for the motivation to carry out a behavior in Social Learning Theory?

  Vicarious reinforcement
• Match the Social Learning Theory concept with its description:

  Role model ↔️ Someone whose behavior is observed

  Identification ↔️ Similarity with a role model

  Vicarious reinforcement ↔️ Seeing a role model rewarded
• Bandura later renamed Social Learning Theory to Social Cognitive Theory.
• Perceived similarity with a role model can influence imitation.
• What type of reinforcement occurs when a role model is rewarded for their behavior?

  Vicarious reinforcement
• Vicarious reinforcement can lead to disinhibition, which makes someone more likely to perform a previously forbidden behavior.
• Match the effect of vicarious reinforcement with its outcome:

  Modelling ↔️ Imitating the observed behavior

  Facilitation ↔️ Repeating behavior with variation

  Inhibition ↔️ Avoiding behavior due to punishment
• Bandura's Bobo Doll studies showed that children were more likely to imitate aggression from a same-sex role model.
• In Bandura's Bobo Doll study (1965), what happened when Rocky was punished for his aggression?

  Inhibition
• Bandura's 1965 study highlights the importance of motivation when children were offered rewards for imitating Rocky's aggression.
• How does Social Learning Theory explain phobias like coulrophobia (fear of clowns)?

  Modeling fear from media
• The "watershed" on UK television is an application of Social Learning Theory.
• The "watershed" on UK television aims to prevent children from observing inappropriate behavior, such as violence, before 9pm.
• Match the Social Learning Theory concept with its real-world application:

  Modeling ↔️ Encouraging positive behavior

  Vicarious reinforcement ↔️ Rewarding desirable behavior

  Watershed ↔️ Limiting children's exposure to violence
• Which contemporary study supports Social Learning Theory by showing observational learning in animals?

  Cook & Mineka (1990)
• Social Learning Theory explains how complex behaviors can be learned in large chunks through observation.
• Social Learning Theory differs from behaviorism by including cognitions in its explanation of learning.
• What aspect of human behavior does Social Learning Theory ignore according to the nature/nurture debate?

  Genetic predispositions
• Operant conditioning and Social Learning Theory both overlap in the concept of vicarious learning.
• What does Social Learning Theory emphasize as a key factor in learning?

  Observation and imitation
• Social Learning Theory ignores the nature side of the nature/nurture debate.
• Social Learning Theory suggests that individuals may be born with predispositions to certain behaviors.
• How does Social Learning Theory differ from Classical Conditioning in explaining how children learn to talk?

  Through observation and imitation
• In Social Learning Theory, children learn to speak quickly because their parents don’t pay attention to everything they say.
• Match the learning concept with its description:

  Vicarious learning ↔️ Seeing a role model reinforced

  Reinforcement ↔️ Being rewarded for behavior

  Observational learning ↔️ Learning by watching others

  Conditioned stimulus ↔️ Neutral stimulus associated with distress
• Vicarious reinforcement combines observational learning and reinforcement principles.
• How might Social Learning Theory explain the maintenance of phobias?

  Association with distress
• Social Learning Theory is often used alongside other therapies such as Systematic Desensitisation or Token Economies.
• Steps in a Token Economy Program (TEP) using Social Learning Theory:

  1️⃣ Participants see other learners acquiring tokens

  2️⃣ Participants observe tokens being exchanged for rewards

  3️⃣ Organizers ensure token exchange is public
• In a Token Economy Program, vicarious reinforcement occurs when participants see others being praised for their behavior.
• What are the two components of an "evaluate" question in psychology?

  AO1 (Describe) and AO3 (Evaluate)
• A role model in Social Learning Theory is someone you identify with who has status in your eyes.
• You are more likely to imitate role models of your gender and background.
• What is the effect of vicarious reinforcement on imitation in Social Learning Theory?

  Increases imitation
• Social Learning Theory ignores the nature side of the nature/nurture debate.