1: the basics

• Cerebrum


  Biggest part of your brain divided into two hemispheres connected by bundles of nerve fibres
• Cerebral cortex


  Deeply folder layer of nerve tissue making up the surface of the cerebrum
• Corpus callosum


  Largest bundle of nerves forming a bridge between the hemispheres of the cerebrum
• Researchers use the deepest divisions in the cerebrum as landmarks marking different regions of the brain
• Frontal lobe

  
• Frontal lobes


  Coordinates memory and speech, voluntary movements, emotions, higher cognitive skills, and many aspects of the personality
• Parietal lobes

  
• Parietal lobes


  Process sensory signals from skin, taste, and some types of visual information
• Occipital lobes

  
• Occipital lobes


  Process visual information and are responsible for making out shapes and colors and creating a more complex visual understanding
• Temporal lobes

  
• Temporal lobes


  Lie on the sides of the brain and carry out some visual and auditory precessing
• Hippocampus region

  
• Hippocampus


  Region of the temporal lobes that encodes new memories
• Amygdala structure

  
• Amygdala


  Deep structure within each temporal lobe that integrates memory and emotion
• Limbic system


  Group of structures deep within the brain that help regulate our emotion and motivation
• Thalamus structure

  
• Thalamus


  Integrates sensory information and sends it to different parts of the brain
• Hypothalamus structure

  
• Hypothalamus


  Sends hormonal signals to the rest of your body through the pituitary gland
• Pituitary gland


  Sends hormones throughout the body on signals from the hypothalamus
• Forebrain


  Part of your brain made up of the cerebrum, frontal lobes, parietal lobes, temporal lobes, occipital lobes, amygdala, hippocampus, pituitary gland, thalamus, and hypothalamus
• Midbrain


  Sits beneath the thalamus and includes groups of nerves that control eye movements, trigger reflexes, and help manage sensory input and output to manage motor control
• Basal ganglia


  Collection of structures which helps regulate complex body movement
• Hindbrain


  Part of the brain that regulates glucose and controls sleep
• Cerebellum


  Second largest part of the brain that is deeply folded and divided into two hemispheres
• Cerebellum


  Coordinates voluntary movements, helps the brain learn new motor skills, and plays roles in spacial and temporal preception
• A person with a damaged cerebellum might walk twitchily with an irregular gate, or have issues touching his finger to his nose
• Cerebellum region

  
• Pons


  Studcture under the cerebellum that influences breathing and posture
• The pons

  
• Medulla


  Carries nerve pathways connecting the brain to the spinal chord and controls basic functions like swallowing, heart rate, and breathing
• Brainstem


  Made up of the midbrain, pons, and medulla
• The medulla

  
• Our brains evolved from a tube at the end of a nerve chord