Sociology

• Subculture

  A group of people within a larger culture who have their own norms, values, attitudes and customs
• People living in poverty tend to create their own subcultures
• New Right blames the culture of the underclass
• New Right believes that when the underclass receive benefits, they won't try to improve their lives
• Culture of Poverty (New Right)
• Poverty Cycle
• Poverty is a state or condition in which a person, or a community lacks the financial resources and essentials for a minimum standard of living
• Social exclusion happens when some groups are left out and are not able to take part in society
• Underclass characteristics


  • A group that is lower in status than the working class, for example, homeless people
• Social exclusion

  1. Racism, labeling - ethnic minorities - Social exclusion

  2. Ableism

  3. People try different approaches to get disabled people engaged

  4. Functionalists believe that people should help others and come together in society
• Social exclusion is when groups feel left out from society. For example, disabled people can get excluded
• Social mobility is the movement between classes
• Government actions against social exclusion

  1. Education

  2. Benefits

  3. Accessibility for disabled people

  4. Making laws
• Social inclusion

  1. Groups in society are engaged in everyday tasks

  2. People living in poverty tend to create their own subculture
• Subculture

  • A group has its own norms, values, attitudes, and customs
• Globalisation is the process by which business ideas and cultures spread across the world, creating connections among nations
• Causes of globalization

  • Improved communications
  • Ground transport
  • Free trade agreements
  • Global banking
  • The growth of MNC's
• Globalisation has led to increased anti-globalisation protests
• Globalisation has caused damage to the environment and cultural impact
• Causes of globalization

  • Improved communications
  • Inground transport
  • Free trade agreements
  • Global banking
  • The growth of MNC's
• Causes of globalization

  • Improved communications
  • Inground transport
  • Free trade agreements
  • Global banking
  • The growth of MNC's
• Globalization has led to damage to the environment
• Globalization has had a cultural impact
• Increased globalisation protests have been observed
• Expectations pre-globalisation were different
• Charged good supply is a result of globalization
• Globalization has led to the expansion of MNCs
• Globalization has reduced the significance of national borders and governments
• Before major globalization (1960), many British people had jobs for life
• During the era of globalization (1960s - 1980s), the Chinese were used for lower wages
• Globalization is everywhere (1980s onwards)
• Globalization has made multinational companies more powerful than governments
• Globalization slightly negatively affects the worker class in all countries
• An absolute poverty is when someone lacks basic needs such as food and water
• Stratification

  The layers in society based on division so people in society
• Key sociologists in stratification

  • Marx
  • Weber
• Equality act 2010

  • Age
  • Race
  • Pregnancy
  • Marriage
  • Gender
  • Sexual orientation
  • Class/wealth
  • Status/prestige
  • Party/power
• Communism

  Wants to be equal in wages, money, and ownership of factories
• Capitalism


  Factories are owned by private companies
• Race


  Based on biology