Sin and Forgiveness

• Punishment

  The consequences or

  penalty for someone

  that has committed a

  crime.
• Absolutism

  The belief that there are

  certain actions which are

  always right or always wrong.
• Sin

  An act against God
• Relativism

  The belief that certain actions

  are right or wrong depending

  on the situation or

  circumstances.
• Forgiveness

  The act of pardoning

  someone for the

  offences they’ve caused

  you. Overlooking a

  person’s faults.
• Eucharist

  Meaning “thanksgiving”. The

  sacrament in which Roman

  Catholics remember the Last

  Supper.
• Salvation

  The belief that through

  Jesus’ death and

  resurrection humanity

  has achieved the

  possibility of eternal life.
• Evangelisation

  Spreading the “Good News”

  which can be translated as

  “Gospel” The sharing of the

  Gospel and life of Jesus with

  others.
• Sin & Crime 

  When someone breaks the law they commit a crime. Laws are there to show what acceptable behaviour is so that people can live safely and without fear.

  Laws are made by the government and can vary from country to country. What is lawful can change over time, for example, homosexuality was illegal in

  this country but is not anymore. A sin is an action which goes against the will or laws of God. Some sins are crimes, for example, murder and stealing.

  Other sins such as adultery and pride are not against the law.
• Absolute & Relative Morality 

  Absolute Morality is when a person firmly believes that an action should always apply. For instance, “stealing is wrong”. This applies in all situations, no

  matter what the context or circumstance. It would be wrong for me to steal food, even if my family were starving. Another example would be the belief

  that it is wrong to kill. This would apply in all situations such as war, abortion and euthanasia. There is no circumstance where it is acceptable. Relative

  Morality is the idea that a moral principle can be adapted or adjusted in certain situations. So stealing in principle is wrong, but if I have no other way to

  get food then stealing can be seen as acceptable. The Humanist Peter Singer would argue that cases of abortion and euthanasia are relative because we

  need to consider the circumstances such as the quality of a person’s life.
• Aims of Punishment 

  When a criminal is found guilty of a crime, there are a number of punishment options available to a judge, such as prison, fines and community service. A

  judge will consider the advantages and drawbacks of several different purposes when sentencing a person for the crime they have committed. There are

  three main aims of punishment:

  1. Retribution – making a criminal pay for their crime through punishments like the death penalty.

  2. Deterrence – a punishment that is so severe it puts other people off from committing a crime such as large fines or long prison terms

  3. Rehabilitation – helping criminals to reform (change) so that they won’t commit crime again such as providing counselling and education
• What is the altar often made out of?

  Stone
• What significant event takes place at the altar?

  The Eucharist
• What does the altar remind Christians of?

  The sacrifice and death of Jesus
• What is the purpose of the lectern or ambo?

  To read scripture during the Liturgy of the Word
• How do Catholics feel nourished during mass?

  By listening to the word of God
• What is the baptismal font used for?

  Baptism
• What does baptism wash away?

  Original sin
• What does baptism welcome a person into?

  The body of Christ
• What is a tabernacle?

  A safe-like place for the consecrated host
• Why is the host stored in the tabernacle?

  To take to the sick and unable
• What do Catholics do towards the tabernacle?

  Genuflect in honor of Jesus' presence
• What is a crucifix?

  A cross with an image of the crucified Christ
• Where is the crucifix usually located?

  On or near the altar
• What does the crucifix remind Catholics of?

  The suffering and death of Jesus
• What do Catholics believe about Jesus' death?

  It was the price for their salvation
• Which direction do churches traditionally face?

  East
• Why do churches face East?

  To pray towards the Holy Land
• What does the rising sun symbolize for Christians?

  The resurrection of Jesus bringing new life
• What shape are many churches built in?

  Cruciform (cross shaped)
• What does the cruciform shape signify?

  The importance of Jesus' death for salvation
• Why are churches often tall with domes or vaulted ceilings?

  To create a space pointing up to God
• What do towers and steeples represent in church architecture?

  Prayer and worship rising to heaven
• What do Catholics believe about prayer and music in churches?

  They help raise hearts and minds to God
• What is commonly used in churches to display biblical stories?

  Stained glass
• What do stained glass windows typically depict?

  Stories from the Bible or lives of saints
• How did the 2nd Vatican Council influence church design?

  Churches began facing the altar for involvement
• What is a modern trend in church architecture regarding shape?

  Some churches are now circular for inclusivity
• What are the external features of a church building?

  • Traditionally face East
  • Cruciform shape
  • Tall with domes or vaulted ceilings
  • Towers and steeples
  • Stained glass windows
  • Modern designs post-2nd Vatican Council
• The 4 Marks of the Church (Nature of

  the Church)

  At the Council of Nicaea, Church leaders agreed upon a single statement of faith called the Nicene Creed. It identifies four marks, or distinguishing

  qualities, of the Church:

  1. One - There is one Church that passes on the message of one God.

  2. Holy - The Church is Holy as it is based on the teachings of Jesus who is the incarnation.

  3. Catholic - It is Catholic as the word means universal and the Church is for all people

  4. Apostolic - It is Apostolic as the Church was created by the apostles and the message has to be spread today.