SC13

• Transition Metal Properties:

  • hard
  • strong
  • shiny
  • malleable
  • conductor of heat and electricity
  • high melting points
  • high density
  • used as catalysts
  • have colourful ions
• Corrosion - redox reactions where the metal loses electrons which is oxidisation and the oxygen gains electrons which is reduction
• Rusting - when iron reacts with oxygen and water
• Preventing rusting by stopping the iron having contact with oxygen and/or water:

  • Painting - colourful and so ideal for structures
  • Oiling/Greasing - moving parts like bike chains
  • Sacrificial Protection - more reactive metal reacts to protect iron
  • Galvanising - more reactive metal coating is electroplated over iron to corrode instead
• Electroplating - coating the surface of a metal with another metal using electrolysis

  • cathode is what will be electroplated and the anode is the plating
  • electrolyte contains the metal ions of the plating metal
• Electroplating Uses:

  • cutlery and cooking utensils - plated metals are unreactive or don't corrode easily
  • jewellery and decorative items - plated metals are usually gold/silver to make electroplated metals look shiny and attractive
• Pure Metals:

  • malleable
  • regular arrangement
  • ion layers easily slide over each other (weak)
• Alloy Metals:

  • mix another/non-metal with chosen metal
  • elements have different sized atoms so ion layers can't slide over each other easily (strong)
• Steel - iron mixed with carbon

  • higher carbon concentration means steel becomes stronger and more inflexible/brittle
  • less likely to rust
  • uses include bridges, ships, cars, tools
• Alloy Uses:

  • Bronze (copper + tin) - hard, statues and medals
  • Brass (copper + zinc) - malleable, water taps and door fittings
  • Golds - strengthen soft metal, jewellery
  • Aluminiums -lightweight and strong, aircraft manufacturing
  • Magnalium (aluminium + magnesium) - stronger/lighter, cars and planes