approaches

• What is psychology defined as?

  The scientific study of the brain and behavior
• Why is psychology considered one of the youngest fields of science?

  It started around 150 years ago
• Who is considered the first person to study behavior scientifically?

  Wilhelm Wundt
• What did Wundt establish in the 1870s?

  The world's first psychological laboratory
• What approach to research did Wundt use?

  Structuralism
• What is introspection in Wundt's research?

  Recording conscious experiences objectively
• How did Wundt control his experiments?

  By controlling experimental conditions and environment
• What is an inference in psychological research?

  An educated guess about mental processes
• How can researchers use inferences in psychology?

  To make educated guesses about behavior
• What is a criticism of Wundt's introspective methods?

  Participants may provide biased self-reports
• What did behaviorists reject in their approach?

  Introspection and internal mental processes
• Who are two key figures in behaviorism?

  Pavlov and Skinner
• What do social learning theorists emphasize?

  The role of internal mental processes in learning
• How do cognitive psychologists view the mind?

  Similar to a computer processing information
• What is the focus of biological psychology?

  The link between brain function and behavior
• What technological advancement has aided biological psychology?

  fMRI scanners
• What are the key components of scientific methodology in psychology?

  • Systematic observation
  • Controlled experimentation
  • Objectivity and lack of bias
  • Empirical data collection
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of Wundt's approach to psychology?

  Strengths:

  • Established psychology as a scientific discipline
  • Used controlled methods for research

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Subjective nature of introspection
  • Reliance on inferences that may be inaccurate
• What are the main psychological approaches introduced in the timeline of psychology?

  1. Structuralism (Wundt)
  2. Psychodynamics (Freud)
  3. Behaviorism (Pavlov, Skinner)
  4. Social Learning Theory
  5. Humanism
  6. Cognitive Psychology
  7. Biological Psychology
• How did the development of psychology change over 250 years?

  • Transition from philosophy to empirical science
  • Introduction of various psychological approaches
  • Increased focus on scientific methods and research
• What is the significance of Wundt's first psychological laboratory?

  • Marked the beginning of experimental psychology
  • Established a controlled environment for psychological research
  • Influenced future generations of psychologists
• How did behaviorism differ from Wundt's structuralism?

  • Behaviorism focused on observable behavior
  • Rejected introspection and internal mental processes
  • Emphasized stimulus-response relationships
• Who are often considered the first scientific psychologists?

  Behaviorists
• Why do behaviorists focus on observable actions?

  To maintain objectivity in their research
• What do behaviorists conduct experiments on?

  Stimulus and response mechanisms
• What significant sacrifice did behaviorists make in their research?

  They abandoned the study of internal mental processes
• What is the behaviorist view on the mind?

  The mind is a black box
• What are the three features of the Psych Boost app?

  • Flashcards
  • Multiple choice quizzes
  • Key term tester
• What are the two main types of conditioning discussed?

  Pavlovian classical conditioning and Skinnerian operant conditioning
• How do behaviorists believe behavior is learned?

  Through experiences and interactions with the environment
• What is the difference between behavior being learned and being innate?

  Learned behavior results from environmental interactions
• What do behaviorists focus on to be considered a scientific discipline?

  Objectively measurable behaviors
• What is a stimulus in behaviorism?

  An event that elicits a response
• What is the result of experiences according to behaviorists?

  Behaviors are environmentally determined
• What is classical conditioning?

  Learning by association between stimuli
• Who developed the theory of classical conditioning?

  Ivan Pavlov
• What did Pavlov observe in his dogs?

  They salivated before seeing food
• What is the role of a neutral stimulus in classical conditioning?

  It becomes a conditioned stimulus over time
• How can classical conditioning explain phobias?

  By associating a neutral stimulus with fear
• What is operant conditioning?

  Learning through consequences of actions