Qualitative research

• Data triangulation refers to combining different types of data (e.g., interviews, observations) to increase validity and reliability.
• Qualitative data can be analysed using thematic analysis, which involves identifying themes or patterns within the data.
• Thematic analysis involves identifying patterns or themes within the data through coding and categorization.
• Positivism is Knowledge based on directly observable phenomena
• Interpretivism is Knowledge based on understanding, interpretation and phenomena not directly observable
• critical approaches Identify structures that perpetuate inequalities and oppression
• Critical realist approach combines elements of positivism and interpretivism
• Phenomenology focuses on subjective experiences and meanings of individuals
• Action research aims to improve practice by involving participants in the research process
• Ethical consideration is crucial in social science research. The four ethical considerations include participant's autonomy, beneficence and non-maleficence, rights to justice and privacy and confidentiality.
• Ethical principles ensure the protection of particpant's safety, and research to be conducted in a morally-sound manner.
• What are the four ethical considerations in social science research?

  Informed consent, no deception, right to withdraw, debriefing and confidentiality
• Action research is designed to generate knowledge about a process or a system by changing it for the better.