Natural selection and Wallace

• What is evolution?

  Slow and continuous change of organisms
• Who developed the theory of natural selection?

  Charles Darwin
• What does "natural selection" mean?

  Survival of the fittest
• What are the key components of natural selection?

  • Genetic variation in populations
  • Selection pressures (predation, competition, disease)
  • Better adaptation leads to higher survival
  • Beneficial alleles passed to next generation
• What causes genetic variation in a population?

  Differences in alleles due to mutations
• What are selection pressures?

  Factors affecting survival and reproduction
• How do better-adapted individuals affect allele frequency?

  They pass on beneficial alleles more often
• What happens to less adapted individuals in natural selection?

  They are less likely to survive and reproduce
• What is the result of beneficial characteristics over time?

  They become more common in the population
• What are alleles?

  Different versions of genes
• How do bacteria provide evidence for evolution?

  Through random mutations leading to new alleles
• What advantage does antibiotic resistance provide to bacteria?

  Better survival in antibiotic-treated hosts
• How does antibiotic resistance spread in bacteria?

  Through reproduction of resistant bacteria
• Why is antibiotic resistance evidence for evolution?

  It shows adaptation to antibiotic presence
• What is a fossil?

  • Trace of an animal or plant from the past
  • Commonly found in rocks
  • Older fossils are found in deeper layers
• How do fossils provide evidence for evolution?

  By showing gradual changes in organisms
• Who were the two scientists that developed the theory of evolution?

  Darwin and Wallace
• What did Darwin observe during his voyage on the HMS Beagle?

  Variation in species suited to their environment
• What did Darwin conclude about characteristics in species?

  They can be passed on to offspring
• What is the title of Darwin's famous book?

  On the Origin of Species
• How did Wallace contribute to the theory of evolution?

  He independently developed the idea of natural selection
• What did Wallace observe about warning colors in species?

  They deter predators from eating them
• How has the theory of evolution influenced modern biology?

  • Understanding of all life changes through evolution
  • Classification based on common ancestry
  • Importance of finishing antibiotic courses
  • Conservation efforts for genetic diversity
• What is the relevance of the theory of evolution today?

  It helps understand many areas of biology
• What does the theory of evolution suggest about all living organisms?

  They have descended from a common ancestor
• How does the theory of evolution relate to antibiotic resistance?

  It emphasizes the need for new antibiotics
• Why is genetic diversity important for conservation?

  It helps populations adapt to changing environments
• What is the significance of Darwin's book published in 1859?

  It made scientists pay attention to evolution
• How did Darwin and Wallace's collaboration impact the theory of evolution?

  They acknowledged each other's work in their papers
• What is the main reason Darwin is more remembered than Wallace?

  His book provided extensive evidence for evolution