Kelly vid

• What does urbanization refer to?

  Increase in people living in urban areas
• What are some reasons for urbanization?

  Rural to urban migration and natural population increase
• What are the effects of urbanization on the developing world?

  Issues with healthcare, education, and infrastructure
• What was the global urban population proportion in 1945?

  One third
• What is the expected global urban population proportion by 2050?

  Two-thirds
• What is the increase in urban population from 1945 to 2015?

  From 0.7 billion to 4 billion
• Which regions are the most urbanized?

  North America and Latin America
• What is de-industrialization?

  Decline in manufacturing's importance in the economy
• What can lead to de-industrialization?

  Strong overseas competition and high prices
• What is decentralization?

  Outward movement of population and industry
• What does a service economy indicate?

  Increase in employment in services like healthcare
• What are the three key areas of suburbanization?

  Characteristics, causes, and effects
• What are characteristics of suburbanization?

  Extensive housing areas and green spaces
• What causes suburbanization?

  Increased car ownership and wealth
• What are the effects of suburbanization?

  Urban sprawl and increased green belt land
• What is counter urbanization?

  Movement from urban areas to rural areas
• What causes counter urbanization?

  Desire for better quality of life and second homes
• What are the effects of counter urbanization?

  Rising house prices and commuter stations
• What is urban resurgence?

  Movement of people back into urban areas
• What are the three main causes of urban resurgence?

  Regeneration, rebranding, and gentrification
• What is the multiplier effect in urban resurgence?

  One positive change leads to further growth
• What is the role of urban development corporations (UDCs)?

  To restore derelict urban areas using private funding
• When were UDCs primarily active in the UK?

  Between 1979 and the 1990s
• What are enterprise zones designed to do?

  Attract companies to create jobs in high unemployment areas
• What was the outcome of city challenge partnerships?

  Created jobs and improved housing in deprived areas
• What does urban form refer to?

  Arrangement of land use within urban areas
• How does urban form differ between developed and developing worlds?

  Developed areas have planned developments, while developing do not
• What is the peak land value intersection (PLVI)?

  Area with the highest land value in a city
• What is bid rent theory?

  Land prices decrease as distance from CBD increases
• What was the layout of towns in historical times?

  Towns were built alongside rivers
• What does the term "planned developments" refer to?

  Developments that are intentionally designed and organized
• What economic factors have become more important over time in urban areas?

  Land values have become more important
• What does PLVI stand for?

  Peak Land Value Intersection
• How does the price of land change as one moves away from the CBD?

  The price of land decreases
• What theory explains the decrease in land prices away from the CBD?

  Bid Rent Theory
• What has resulted in secondary land value peaks in recent decades?

  Suburban office and shopping areas
• How do cities in the developing world typically develop?

  They are built around a central core
• What is gentrification?

  Improvement of old houses and neighborhoods
• What are some economic and social issues resulting from urbanization?

  Economic inequality and social segregation
• What is a knock-on effect in urban contexts?

  Consequences that follow from initial issues