Module 2

• Steroid agents produced and released by the adrenal cortex

  glucocorticoids
• refers to any steroidal hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex

  Corticosteroids
• two most important naturally occurring glucocorticoids

  cortisol and corticosterone
• refers to the unesterified steroid component and determines its glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid and extent of duration of action

  glucocorticoid base
• what influences the duration of action and mode of administration

  Esterification of glucocorticoid at carbon 21
• in what way does glucocorticoid leads to hyperglycemic action?

  increase in gluconeogenesis
• mode of treatment is employed in the conditions such as chronic arthritis, hip dysplasia, etc

  Chronic palliative therapy
• during off days of chronic palliative theraphy what can be used to supplement glucocorticoids?

  NSAID's
• This compound has been found to suppress adrenal cortical activity in the dog but it is less successful in other species.

  It is indicated in the treatment of canine pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (cushing's syndrome).

  Mitotane
• It inhibits 17- ketosteroid production in human and dog

  Amphenone B
• effectively blocks cortisol production but not corticosterone production in young pigs

  metyrapone
• specifically inhibits T cells early in their immune response to antigenic and regulatory stimuli without affecting suppressor T cells

  cyclosporin A
• cytosplasmic receptor protein of cyclosporin

  cyclophitin
• macrolide antibiotic with a very similar mechanism of action to cyclosporin

  Tacrolimus
• cytoplasmic receptor of tacrolimus

  FK binding protein
• Tacrolimus is active at lower concentration than cyclosporin TRUE or false

  True
• interferes with signal transduction pathway blocking the cell cycle of activated T cells in G1 phase by inhibiting a novel kinase called mTOR

  Rapamycin
• alkylating agent with particular action on lymphocytes as an immunosuppresant it affects the clonal proliferative phase of the immune response and reduces both antibody mediated and cell mediated immune reactions.

  cyclophosphamide
• another alkylating agent similar to cyclophosphamide

  chlorambucil
• a thiopurine metabolite used in treatment of auto immune disease and organ transplant rejection

  azathioprine
• a purine analogue that inbihits DNA synthesis

  mercaptopurine
• a semi synthetic derivative of a fungal antibiotic, converted to mycophenolic acid

  restrains proliferation of T and B lymphocytes and reduces production of cytotoxic T cells by inhibiting inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase

  mycophenolate mofetil