Compare and contrast bio + psycho apps (10)

• P1: similarities

  Both the biological and psychodynamic approaches offer deterministic views of human behaviour.
• Evi1: similarities

  The biological approach suggests behaviour is determined by biological factors like neurotransmitters (e.g. dopamine imbalance linked to schizophrenia in Raine et al.’s research). Similarly, Freud‘s psychodynamic theory argues that behaviour is shaped by unconscious childhood experiences and innate drives (e.g. The id.)
• Eval1: similarities

  This deterministic perspective limits individual control over behaviour, as both theories argue behaviour is driven by factors outside personal choice.
• Link1: similarities

  Thus, both approaches propose that behaviour is predetermined, but they attribute this determinism to different origins - biological processes versus unconscious drives and early life experiences.
• P1: differences

  The biological approach is more scientific, relying on empirical research, while the psychodynamic approach is more abstract and difficult to scientifically verify.
• Evi1: differences

  The biological approach uses methods like PET scans and drug therapies (e.g. Raine et al.’s study of brain scans in murderers). In contrast, the psychodynamic approach focuses on unconscious processes and childhood experiences, which are hard to test scientifically (E.g. Freud’s theories are criticised for being unfalsifiable)
• Eval1: differences

  The biological approach is more reliable because it uses measurable, empirical data, whereas the psychodynamic approach lacks empirical support and scientific rigour, making it harder to validate.
• Link1: differences

  Therefore, the biological approach is more scientifically grounded, whereas the psychodynamic approach provides a deeper, though less testable, understanding of human behaviour.
• Conclusion

  In conclusion, while both approaches share similarities in their deterministic outlook, the biological approach benefits from its empirical, scientific nature, whereas the psychodynamic approach offers a broader, though less testable, understanding of human behaviour, incorporating both nature and nurture factors.