rebels and reformers

• rebels: Someone who resists or defies the authority in place/calls into question the values that the authority stands for/right/moral
• Reformer: Someone who seeks to reshape someone or something for the better through non-violent ways
• Worldview: A set of values and perspectives on the world, society and fellow humans held by individuals or communities in a given place at a given time. 
• A worldview can be shaped by stereotypes + beliefs + opinions.
• A worldview is NORMALIZED
• What was the political landscape after WWII?

  The introduction of the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights 1945
• Great britain gives more indépendance to old colonies, starts with India; independence in 1947
• US = political + economic leader to colonial empires
• 2 super powers: US + USSR = Cold war + proxy wars
• What is a proxy war?

  when third parties get involved into a war instead of fighting each other separately 
• American slogan that shows anti-communist behaviour: better dead than red
• Soviet union spreads its dominance across eastern europe + Poland
• United states controls Western Europe, Africa, Japan, Philippines and Korea
• Both have access to nuclear bomb
• Mao Tse Tung = communist china 
• Berlin wall= seperation of the two beliefs
• Iron curtain (Churchill) : Political metaphor of seperation of europe between both ideologies
• What was the economic landscape after WWII?

  US produces over 50% of all goods in the world
• Marshall plan helped rebuild the european economic structure
• Why did the US introduce the Marshall plan?

  • new markets
  • to ensure US political control over western and southern europe or wherever it can spread
• 1. United Nations Declaration of Human Rights?

  What is the idea behind that document?

  • Society is made up of individuals rather than groups 
• Socialism

  Supports the champion of the working class

  Classless society

  Government control > means of production

  land + factories + natural resources run by government for population

  goal of government ownership: promote nationalist policies

  state has to take wealth from rich and nationalize it and redistribute it to advance the whole society

  tax laws used to redistribute wealth

  wealth can be redistributed through education, healthcare, public transit & free daycares
• Capitalism

  socio-economic system that tries to limit the role of government

  Private ownership of resources, etc.

  capitalists = fiscal conservatives = want to keep as much profit

  promote free market regulated by supply and demand

  Capitalists see socialists as people who are lazy and have no incentive to work since working more wont change your income
• Liberalism

  19th century: Fans of Laissez-faire economy = adam smith

  20th century: steering the economy to redistribute wealth

  structures, policies, regulations + social safety network 

  corporations can thrive but cannot exploit society

  John Maynard Keynes

  LIBERAL BELIEFS: 

  • centrality of the individual in a system
  • rationality of individuals
  • equality of all
  • human universality

  capitalism can exist but diminished with legislation and social policy
• Fascism

  Totalitarian

  Authoritarian

  belief in hierarchy of humans

  society is seen as groups

  groups such as condemned groups are seen undesirable 

  no human rights for condemned groups

  leader is the law giver

  capitalism in fascist state is to advance wars and social policy
• Parents (silent generation):

  Political: conservative, trust their elected officials, pro wars abroad, strong supporters of anti-communism 

  Social/cultural: conformist, accept authority, have faith in institutions, hate going against the grain, less tolerant of diversity, discriminatory society and conservative attitude towards sexuality

  Religious: ritualistic

  Economic: materialistic, know the value of money, know the value of financial stability due to experience of war and want, dont change jobs often, mandatory retirement was enforced.
• Baby boomers

  • Political: rebellious, reject the political status quo/wars abroad/law and order mentality, don't trust elected officials
  • Social/cultural: rebellious, individualist, mavericks (independent minded person), open to diversity/changing gender roles/experimentation with new ideas + more open to cultures, travel the world, embraced the sexual revolution
  • Religious: spiritual + open to other religious expression
  • Economic: born during economic boom, want to make money with their own terms, can afford to switch jobs, job=form of self-actualization, like their jobs, entrepreneurial, don't like to retire, prosperous
• • What are the perspectives of historians in the sixties?

  Rightwing:era of subversion and moral turpitude 

  Leftwing: era when revolution was at hand and the riviera of the enemy
• • What is the typical political spectrum from left to right

  left: radical

  middle left: liberal

  middle: moderates

  middle right: conservative

  right: reactionary
• • What do liberal parties stand for

  equality and individual liberty
• • What do conservative parties stand for

  traditional family structure and social values
• • What is the difference between fiscal and social conservatives

  fiscal: endorsement of small government 

  social: promote preserving cultural and social traditions 
• • What is counterculture

  counter-culture means cultural currents who adopt a specific attitude and they want certain values to be changed so they go against mainstream values
• • What is the dialectical process= culture changing with collision between two large forces

  mainstream=thesis  baby boomers=anti-thesis

  synthesis happens: and creates c economic system and political system go unchanged however cultural values of baby boomers are now mainstream
• Characteristics of the 60s

  • Formation of new subcultures and movements
  • Entrepreneurialism, individualism and doing your own thing
  • Youth subculture affecting taste of music, fashion and pop culture
  • Important advances in technology
  • Presence of television; the advent
  • International cultural exchange
  • Improvements in material life
  • Upheavals in race, class and family relationships
  • Permissiveness; general sexual liberation
  • New modes of self-presentation
  • Uninhibited popular culture; rock music
  • Original developments in elite thought
  • Measured judgment
  • Elements of extreme reaction; police forces
  • New concerns for civil rights
  • The challenges as a collection of multicultural societies
• What is the context of a movement

  why is resistance happening at a specific moment

  what triggered this movement 
• Darwinism is the survival of the fittest
• social darwinism: applied to social context, some groups are more fit to become successful than others
• social darwinism can lead to stigma and stereotypes of a certain group
• red line policy: red pen outline undesirable areas