PROPERTIES OF LIQUID

• Surface tension

  • is the tendency of a fluid to acquire the least possible surface area.
  • Imagine a small drop of any liquid. It is assumed that a drop is spherical in shape.
  • This is because of the intermolecular forces of attraction present in the molecules of liquids.
• Capillary action

  • a phenomenon in which liquids rise spontaneously in a capillary tube.
  • Two types of forces are needed to be considered in explaining capillary action: cohesion and adhesion.
• Cohesion

  • is the attraction between like molecules
• Adhesion

  • is the attraction between unlike molecules.
• Viscosity

  • is the measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow.
  • Liquids that flow easily have low viscosity, while liquids that do not flow readily have high viscosity.
• Vaporization

  • is the process where a fraction of the kinetic energy of a liquid escapes from the surface to enter the vapor phase.
• The enthalpy of vaporization

  • also called the heat of vaporization, is the heat required to induce this phase change.
  • is the amount of energy that must be added to a liquid substance to transform a quantity of that substance into a gas.
• Vapor Pressurre

  • Vapor pressure is the pressure exerted by a vapor in equilibrium with its liquid phase in a closed system.
• Solubility

  • refers to the ability of a substance to dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specified temperature.
• Like dissolves like

  • When the solute and the solvent both exhibit the same intermolecular forces of attraction, they form a solution.
• Miscible Liquids

  • If two liquids dissolve or mix together,
• Immiscible Liquids

  • If two liquids do not dissolve or mix together
• Hydrophilic

  • Substances or molecules that form interactions with water
• Hydrophobic

  • substances or molecules that repel water
• Amphipathic

  • Some large molecules can have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.
• The stronger the intermolecular forces between the solvent

  molecule and the solute molecule, the greater the solubility.
• Boiling Point

  • is the temperature at which a substance changes from liquid to gas.
• 1 atm

  • is called the normal boiling point,