Bibliography

• Sources - these are references, materials, or origins from which information, data, or knowledge is obtained or derived.
• 1. Primary Sources

  • these are original materials or first-hand accounts created at the time of the event or period being studied
  • offer direct evidence or firsthand testimony of an event, person, or period without interpretation or commentary by others
  • ex: photographs, diaries, research, speeches, letters, autobiography, newspapers, interviews
• 1. Secondary Sources 

  • these are interpretations or analyses of primary sources by someone who was not present at the time of the event.
  • provide commentary, analysis, interpretation, or synthesis of primary sources, often offering perspective or context
  • ex: play/movie review, documentaries, literary analysis, magazines, biographies, encyclopedia, textbooks, essays
• Bibliography

  • It is taken from the Greek word 'biblion' which means 'book' and 'graphia’ which means 'to write'
  • It contains an alphabetical list of sources like books, articles, and websites used by the writer or researcher.
• Plagiarism - act of using someone else's words, ideas, or work without giving them proper credit
• Citation - way of referencing outside sources or ideas that are not our own
• 1. Modern Language Association (MLA) Style 

  • The MLA Style is used for writing papers on literature and related subjects like theater or film. 
  • Format: Author Last Name, First Name. Title. Publisher, Year. 
  • ex: Roberts, Barbie. Campaigning for Hearts and Minds. University of Chicago Press, 2006. 

  In-text Citation Format: 

  (Author Last Name Page Number) 
• 1. The Chicago Manual of Style (CMOS) 

  • The CMOS is often used in many academic fields, especially in the humanities and history.
  • Format: Author Last Name, First Name. Title. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year. 
• 1. American Psychological Association (APA) Style 

  • The APA Style is used in social sciences such as psychology, education, and criminal justice. 
  • It is the most popular and used citation style

  Format: Author Last Name, First Initial. (Year). Title. Publisher.
• APA Style (Journal article) format: Author Last Name, First Initial. (Year). Title of the article. Title of the Journal, Volume (Issue), Page Range.
• APA style (website) format: Author Last Name, First Initial. (Year). Title. Website Name. URL
• MLA style (journal article) format: Author's last name, first name. Title. Journal name, Volume (Issue), Year, Page range.
• MLA style (Website) format: Author last name, first name. Title. website name, publisher or sponsor, publication date, URL
• CMOS style (journal article) format: Author last name, first name. Title. Journal name, volume, issue(year): page range.
• CMOS style(website) format: Author last name, first name. Title. Website name. Publication date. URL