biological molecules recall

Created by

Julia

Cards (52)

covalent bond
a strong chemical bond between atoms that share electrons
ionic bond
a moderate chemical bond formed by the attraction of oppositely charged ions
hydrogen bond
weak chemical bond between positively charged hydrogen and negatively charged adjacent of a molecule
glycosidic bond
covalent bond between 2 monosaccharides resulting from a condensation reaction
peptide bond
covalent bond between two amino acids resulting from a condensation reaction
phosphodiester bond
covalent bond between two nucleotides resulting from a condensation reaction
Dipolar molecule
molecules with equal and opposite charges at each end
osmosis  
the movement of water across a partially permeable membrane from an area of an high water potential to an area of a low water potential
cohesion
when the positively charged hydrogen atom of one water molecule is attracted to a negatively charged oxygen atom of another water molecule forming a hydrogen bond
adhesion 
when the water molecules are attracted to the impermeable walls of the xylem
monomer  
the smaller unit from which large molecules are made
polymer  
a molecule made from a large number of monomers joined together
condensation  
a reaction that forms a chemical bond between two molecules and eliminates the water molecule
hydrolysis
a reaction that breaks a chemical bond between two molecules and uses a water molecule
monosaccharide  
a monomer from which large carbohydrates are made
glucose  
a monosaccharide with two isomers alpha and beta glucose
carbohydrates  
a molecule formed of one or more monosaccharides
disaccharide  
a molecule formed by the condensation of two monosaccharides
maltose  
a disaccharide formed by the condensation of two glucose molecules
sucrose
a disaccharide formed by the condensation of glucose molecule and fructose molecule
lactose
a disaccharide formed by the condensation of a glucose molecule and a galactose molecule
polysaccharide
a molecule formed by the condensation of many monosaccharide units
starch 
a polysaccharide formed by the condensation of alpha glucose
glycogen  
a polysaccharide formed by the condensation of alpha glucose containing 1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds
cellulose  
a polysaccharide formed by the condensation of beta glucose containing only 1 and 4 glycosidic bonds
Starch and glycogen are insoluble in water. Why does this make them good storage molecules?
it means they don't affect the water potential of the cell
Starch and glycogen are coiled. Why does this make them good storage molecules?
it makes the molecules compact
Starch and glycogen are branched. Why does this make them good storage molecules?
it means there are more ends for fast breakdown
Starch and glycogen are polymers of glucose. Why does this make them good storage molecules?  
polymers of glucose are made from large numbers of glucose monomers this means they provide a large number of glucose monomers for respiration
Starch and glycogen are large molecules. Why does this make them good storage molecules?
it means they don't cross the cell surface membrane
triglyceride  
a molecule formed by condensation with ester bonds joining 3 fatty acids to one molecule of glycerol
phospholipid 
molecule formed by condensation with two fatty acids and a phosphate group bonded to one molecule of glycerol
saturated fatty acid 
a fatty acid with no double bond between carbon atoms
unsaturated fatty acid 
a fatty acid with one or more double bonds between carbon atoms
what is an amino acid
the monomer from which proteins are made made up of a central carbon atom bonded to a hydrogen atom an amine group a carboxyl group and an R group
what is a dipeptide
a molecule formed by the condensation of two amino acids
what is a polypeptide  
a polymer formed by the condensation of many amino acids
what is a conjugated protein  
a protein that contains non-protein prosthetic group attached by covalent ionic or hydrogen bonds
what is a proteins primary structure  
the sequence of amino acids that made up polypeptides of a protein
what is a proteins secondary structure
the particular folding of a chain of amino acids in the polypeptides of protein