punishment

• What did the Children’s Act of 1908 end?

  Hanging of children under 16
• What did the Infanticide Act of 1922 state?

  Mothers who killed newborns wouldn't face death penalty
• What was the purpose of the Homicide Act of 1957?

  To limit the death sentence to five murder categories
• How did the number of executions change after the 1957 Act?

  Average executions dropped to four per year
• What did the Murder Act of 1965 do?

  Suspended the death penalty for five years
• What crimes still carried the death penalty after 1965?

  Espionage, arson in royal dockyards, piracy
• When was the death penalty ended for all crimes?

  In 1998
• What was the division of opinion in parliament regarding the death penalty?

  Strongly divided, with bills blocked by House of Lords
• Who was the home secretary overseeing the abolition of the death penalty?

  Roy Jenkins
• How did the 1960s influence attitudes towards the death penalty?

  Attitudes became more liberal during this time
• What were some controversial executions that questioned the death penalty?

  • Timothy Evans: Innocent, hanged for wife's murder
  • Derek Bentley: Hanged despite learning difficulties
  • Ruth Ellis: Hanged while pregnant, petition ignored
• When did Broadmoor Hospital open for mentally ill prisoners?

  In 1896
• What significant change occurred in 1902 regarding prison labor?

  Hard labour ended
• What was the role of probation officers introduced in 1907?

  To check on offenders living outside prison
• What educational changes were introduced in 1922?

  More educational opportunities for prisoners
• When was the first open prison established?

  In 1933 at New Hall, Wakefield
• What was the purpose of open prisons?

  To prepare prisoners for life after prison
• What is an Anti-Social Behaviour Order (ASBO)?

  It places restrictions on a person's actions
• What does community service entail?

  Supervised work to improve the local community
• What is restorative justice?

  A meeting between criminal and victim
• What does electronic tagging do?

  Monitors and restricts a person's movements
• What do drug and alcohol treatment programs offer?

  Help for addiction-related crime involvement
• When were borstals introduced?

  In 1900
• What was the purpose of borstals?

  To keep young convicts separate from older criminals
• When was the borstal system abolished?

  In 1982
• What changes did the 1948 Criminal Justice Act introduce for young offenders?

  • Reduced prison use for juveniles
  • Improved probation service for young people
  • Introduced detention centres with relaxed regimes
  • Created attendance centres for minor crimes
• Who influenced the 1948 Criminal Justice Act?

  Alexander Patterson
• What did the 1963 Children and Young Persons Act change?

  Raised the age of criminal responsibility to ten
• What was emphasized by the 1969 Children and Young Persons Act?

  Care orders and probation supervision over prison