Circulatory System

• Why would a person with leaking heart valves have difficulty exercising?

  -blood flows back into the heart

  -sending less oxygen around the body

  -less aerobic respiration

  -less energy

  -energy is needed for exercise
• Name the component of the blood that starts the process of blood clotting

  platelets
• Why could a blockage cause cells in the heart to die?

  -the cells haven't got enough oxygen from the blood

  -less blood flows through

  -less oxygen reaches the heart (so less respiration)
• How does a stent work as treatment for a person with a blockage in a coronary artery?

  It opens up the narrowed coronary artery preventing heart attacks and allows more deoxygenated blood to flow
• Which organ system is the heart part of?

  circulatory system
• What is the function of the valves in the heart?

  prevent backflow of blood
• Which type of blood vessel contains valves?

  veins
• What is the correct treatment for high blood cholesterol?

  Statins
• What is the correct treatment for irregular heart rate?

  Artificial pacemaker
• Which side of the heart contains oxygenated blood?

  left
• Which parts of the heart receive blood from the lungs?

  left atrium
• Which part of the heart receives blood from the rest of the body?

  Right atrium
• Which parts of the heart pump blood into the ventricle?

  Atriums
• Why do the ventricles have thicker walls than the atria?

  they pump blood further
• Why does the left ventricle have a thicker wall than the right ventricle?

  It has to pump blood all around the body
• double circulation

  -blood passes through the heart twice in every full circuit of the body

  -separates the blood with oxygen from the blood without oxygen
• What is blood with oxygen called?

  oxygenated blood (red)
• What is blood with no oxygen called?

  Deoxygenated blood (blue)
• Where do red blood cells pick up oxygen?

  lungs
• What is the name of the molecule that carries oxygen?

  hemoglobin
• Which blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?

  arteries
• Why do arteries have thick walls?

  To cope with high pressure of blood flowing through them
• How does the structure help arteries do it's job?

  Can carry blood at high pressure
• What is the job of the capillaries?

  Involved in the exchange at the tissues
• What is the structure of the capillary walls?

  One cell thick
• How does the structure help the capillaries do their job?

  Increased rate of diffusion
• What is the structure of the veins walls?

  Have valves to stop the blood from flowing
• How does the structure of veins help them do their job?

  When the blood gets to the vein it has a much lower pressure than it was in the arteries
• What is the artery that supplies the heart with blood?

  Coronary artery
• how is blood kept moving in veins of the legs?

  Muscles contracting and relaxing
• Describe a stent

  tiny wire mesh tube to prop open a clogged or blocked artery
• Advantages of stents

  -works immediately

  -can be done without general anaesthetic
• Disadvantage of a stent

  -doesn't prevent fatty deposits

  -requires operation

  -risk of infection after operation
• Describe statins

  Prescription to reduce cholesterol in blood and reduces fatty deposits
• Advantages of using statins

  No operation needed
• Disadvantage of statins

  -cost

  -reduces amount of cholesterol in blood therefore reduce fatty deposits
• Advantages of using an artificial heart

  -no wait for doner

  -no need for tissue match
• Disadvantage of using artificial heart

  -size

  -non permanent solution
• Advantages of replacement valves

  -mechanical valves last a long time
• Disadvantage of using replacement heart valves

  -valves will become leaky over time