2. Hard cards

• Corpus calossum


  Main white matter tract that runs between the hemispheres, facilitating their communication and making sure they're both up to speed with the other
• During gestation, the ectoderm layer eventually becomes the nervous system, and around the 4th week of gestation, it folds in on itself, creating the neural tube, which will eventually develop into the CNS
• Rhombencephalon (hindbrain)


  Oldest evolutionary part of the CNS and later splits into the myelencephalon and the metencephalon
• Myelencephalon


  Later develops into the medulla oblongata
• Medulla oblongata


  Developed from the myelencephalon, contains many clumps of neurons that are responsible for the functions that an organism carries out unconsciously, like heartbeat, breathing, or vomiting when we need to purge toxins
• Metencephalon


  Develops into the pons and the cerebellum
• Pons


  Developed from the metencephalon, controls involuntary actions and also helps us taste food and see things
• Cerebellum


  Developed from the metencephalon, best known for controling motor skills and helping us learn how to do physical actions
• Mesencephalon 


  Doesn't change much from 3 vesicles to 5, and eventually becomes the midbrain, which lets us respond to stimuli, get operantly conditioned, coordinate complex movements, etc
• Prosencephalon 


  Eventually becomes forebrain
• Mesencephalon


  Eventually becomes midbrain
• Rhombencephalon


  Eventually becomes the hindbrain
• Prosencephalon (forebrain)


  Becomes the higher order brain structures like the cerebral cortex, splits off into diencephalon and telencephalon
• Diencephalon


  Eventually becomes the thalamus, hypothalamus, etc
• Thalamus


  Relay station of the brain, because all sensory information passes through it
• Hypothalamus


  Serves as a communication point between all of the endocrine system
• Telencephalon


  Becomes the basal ganglia and the cerebral cortex
• Basal ganglia


  Series of brain structures that control action selection, behaviors, and motor and habit learning
• Cerebral cortex


  Makes up the surface of the brain, which processes things like attention and memory
• Brainstem controls basic survival, midbrain controls movement, and forebrain carries out high order functions like personality and long term planning
• Longitudinal fissure


  Fissure separating the hemispheres
• Central sulcus


  Fissure going from the dorsal part of the brain to the midpoint between posterior-anterior and dorsal-ventral
• Central sulcus

  
• Longitudinal fissure

  
• Lateral fissure

  
• Dorsal root ganglion


  Transmits sensory information from the PNS to the CNS
• Transverse projection is the only meaningful projection of the spinal chord, giving you a clean cross-section with a distinctive butterfly shape
• Ipsilateral


  When the half that is being affected is being controlled by the same half of the CNS (e.g. left hand being controlled by the left half of the spinal chord)
• Vagus nerve


  CN X innervates many organs of the body, and its name has the same root as vagrant, apt bc. it traverses throughout the whole body
• Enteric nervous system


  Affect the organs that have something to do with digestion, and gets signals mainly from sympathetic/parasympathetic nervous systems, but isn't a part of the autonomic system
• Anterior cerebral arteries


  Give blood to dorsal medial cortices and deep brain structures
• Posterior cerebral arteries


  Gives blood to the occipital lobe
• Middle cerebral arteries


  Give blood to lateral cortices
• Dura mater


  Outermost meninge, 0.8 mm thick, physically attached to the inside of the skull
• Arachnoid mater


  Middle meninge layer, made up of thin fibres resembling a spider's web, which allows CSF to drain through to the sinuses. Most CSF exists under this layer in the subarachnoid space
• Pia mater


  Very fragile innermost layer of the meninges that directly touches and follows the sulci and gyri