terms

• Boiling point

  The temperature at which the vapour pressure of a substance equals atmospheric pressure
• Organic molecules

  Molecules containing carbon atoms
• Hydrocarbons

  Organic compounds consisting of hydrogen and carbon only
• Homologous series

  A series of organic compounds described by the same general formula or in which one member differs from the next with a CH₂ group
• Saturated compounds


  Compounds with no multiple bonds between C atoms in their hydrocarbon chains
• Unsaturated compounds


  Compounds with one or more multiple bonds between C atoms in their hydrocarbon chains
• Saturated compounds

  • Alkanes
• Unsaturated compounds

  • Alkenes
  • Alkynes
• Functional group

  Bond or an atom or a group of atoms that determine(s) the physical and chemical properties of a group of organic compounds
• Structural isomers


  Organic molecules with the same molecular formula, but different structural formulae
• Chain isomers

  Organic molecules with the same molecular formula, but different types of chains
• Positional isomers


  Organic molecules with the same molecular formula, but different positions of the side chain, substituents or functional groups on the parent chain
• Functional isomers

  Organic molecules with the same molecular formula, but different functional groups
• Hydrohalogenation

  The addition of a hydrogen halide to an alkene
• Halogenation

  The reaction of a halogen (Br, Cl) with an alkene/alkyne
• Hydration

  The addition of water to alkenes/alkynes
• Hydrogenation

  The addition of hydrogen to an alkene
• Dehydrohalogenation of haloalkanes

  The elimination of hydrogen and a halogen from a haloalkane
• Dehydration of alcohols

  Elimination of water from an alcohol
• Cracking of alkanes


  The chemical process in which longer chain hydrocarbon molecules are broken down to shorter more useful molecules