LAYERS OF THE EARTH ELS 2

• Layers of the Earth

  • Crust
  • Core
  • Mantle
• CRUST


  A living inferno that’s what they said, full of hot molten materials and rocks that are laid, convection can take place, magnetic field is always its ace
• CORE


  A layer with full of rocks, upper and lower are its parts, region of asthenosphere is its might, where magma is always on the rise
• MANTLE


  Known as method of heat transfer, high pressure and temperature are its trigger, radiation might be produced, even tectonics can be induced
• CONVECTION


  Thin layer that's how it's described, full of mystery and very fiery, composed of hot molten materials and bring on radiation
• ASTHENOSPHERE


  Thin layer that's how it's described, full of mystery and very fiery, composed of hot molten materials and bring on radiation
• Structure of the Earth

  • Composed of layers
  • A terrestrial planet
  • Composed of Crust, Upper mantle, lower mantle, outer core and Inner core
  • Made of atmosphere, lithosphere and hydrosphere
• CRUST

  1. Brittle part of the Earth

  2. Thickness: 5 km to 10km from ocean basins, composed of basalt and granite

  3. 25 km to 70 from the continents

  4. Common elements: 46.6% O, 27.7% Si, 6.1% Al, 3.6% C2., 2.8% Na, 2.6% K, 2.1% Mg
• MANTLE

  1. Dense layer

  2. Thickness: 100km

  3. Outer mantle: Rocks, magnesium oxide

  4. Inner Mantle: hot molten

  5. Composition: molten silicate rocks, 55% Oli i 35% 5% t
• CORE

  1. Hottest layer of the Earth

  2. Source of the Earth’s magnetic field

  3. Made of iron and nickel

  4. Outer Core: liquid hot molten materials 2,200km thick

  5. Inner Core
• Parts of the Earth

  • Lithosphere- stone (litho)
  • Hydrosphere- water (hydro)
  • Atmosphere- air (atmo)
  • Biosphere- life (bio)
• Hydrosphere


  • Composed of water which circulates on earth
  • Includes ocean, seas, rivers, lakes and even moisture in the air
  • Covers 71% of Earth
  • Current transports heat across vast distances
• Atmosphere


  • Mass of air surrounding our planet
  • Composed of 79% Nitrogen, 21% Oxygen, and other gases
  • Held to Earth by Gravity
  • Thins rapidly with altitude
• Biosphere


  • Comprises all living organisms
  • Includes plants, animals, single-celled organisms
  • Includes uppermost geosphere, the hydrosphere, and the lower parts of the atmosphere
  • Very thin layer at Earth’s surface
• The Earth's core is the hottest layer of the Earth
• The Earth's core is the source of the Earth’s magnetic field
• Core


  Made of iron and nickel
• Outer Core


  • Liquid hot molten materials
  • 2,200km thick
• Inner Core


  • Solid, 1200km thick
  • Temperature ranges from 4000°C to 5000°C
• • Troposphere Altitude: Extends from ground level up to about 10 km (6.2 miles) above sea level.
  • Characteristics:
  • We live in the troposphere, and nearly all weather phenomena occur here.
  • Most clouds form in this layer due to the abundance of water vapor.
  • Air pressure decreases and temperatures get colder with increasing altitude
• Stratosphere:

  • Altitude: Spans from the top of the troposphere to about 50 km (31 miles) above the ground.
  • Notable Feature: Contains the ozone layer, which absorbs high-energy ultraviolet (UV) light from the Sun, converting it into heat.
  • Temperature Trend: Unlike the troposphere, the stratosphere gets warmer as you ascend.
  • Flight Zone: Commercial passenger jets fly in the lower stratosphere due to its smoother ride.
• Mesosphere:

  • Altitude: Extends upward to approximately 85 km (53 miles) above Earth.
  • Significance: Most meteors burn up in this layer.
  • Temperature Change: Temperatures decrease again as you rise through the mesosphere.
  • Extreme Cold: The coldest temperatures in Earth’s atmosphere (around -90°C or -130°F) are found near the top of the mesosphere.
• Thermosphere:

  • Altitude: Located above the mesosphere.
  • Energy Absorption: Absorbs high-energy X-rays and UV radiation from the Sun, raising its temperature to hundreds or even thousands of degrees.
  • Thin Air: The air is extremely thin, making it feel freezing cold despite the high temperatures.
  • Space Boundary: The approximate boundary between our atmosphere and outer space (known as the Kármán Line) lies in the thermosphere at an altitude of about 100 km.
  • Satellite Orbits: Many satellites orbit Earth within the thermosphere
• Exosphere:

  • Outermost Layer: Extends from about 375 miles (600 km) to 6,200 miles (10,000 km) above Earth.
  • Characteristics: Atoms and molecules escape into space from this layer, and satellites orbit our planet here