BASIC CONCEPT OF H, V and E, DR

• Hazards - potentially damaging physical events, phenomenon or human activities
• Geophysics, Hydrological, Meteorology, Climate, Alien Planet Class are examples of what hazard factors

  Natural Hazard Factors
• Environmental Degradation

  ‣ Soil Erosion

  ‣ Deforestation

  ‣ Salinization

  ‣ Desertification

  ‣ Asian Dust Cloud

  ‣ Wetland Reduction

  ‣ Glacier Melting

  These are examples of what hazard factor

  Environmental Hazard Factors
• Biology

  ‣ Infectious Disease

  ‣ Epidemic/Pandemic

  ‣ Animal-related Epidemic/Pandemic

  ‣ Injurious Insect

  ‣ Pests

  ‣ Animal Event

  ‣ Pollution

  These are examples of what hazard factor

  Biological Hazard Factor
• ★ Technical Hazard Factors

  ‣ Industrial Disaster

  ‣ Structure Collapse

  ‣ Power Failure

  ‣ Fire

  ‣ Explosion

  ‣ Mine Disaster

  ‣ Warfare

  ‣ Terrorist Attack

  ‣ Incendiarism

  ★ Chemical Radiation Factors

  ‣ Chemical Leakage

  ‣ Oil Spill

  ‣ Radiation Pollution

  ★ Major Traffic Accidents

  ‣ Aviation Accident

  ‣ Railway Accident

  ‣ Road Accident

  ‣ Sailing Accident

  ‣ Space Accident

  These are examples of what hazard factor

  Humanistic Hazard Factors
• ● part of the methodology for reducing risks

  ● provide crucial information for the knowledge on the exposure

  and vulnerability levels of the community

  ● adds layer of protection in the community

  ● useful for mitigating future disasters

  SINGLE-HAZARD RISK ANALYSIS
• Hazard Analysis - Provides relevant information on the location, scale, frequency, and severity of hazard events
• Vulnerability - the conditions determined by physical, social, economic, and environmental factors or processes which increase the susceptibility of a community to the impact of hazards
• The level of Exposure is dependent upon the nature of the type of exposure
• risk factors included in exposure

  Physical, Socio-economic, Environmental
• ➢ natural phenomenon or human activity-driven event

  ○ injury and death among people

  ○ damage to property and infrastructure

  ○ disruption to socio-economic, cultural, and political

  processes

  ○ degradation of the environment

  ➢ may manifest in every location

  ○ disaster risk and heightened capacity

  ➢ direct and indirect effect of hazards

  Disaster
• people, infrastructure, services, and environmental

  processes

  ★ basis for building codes and engineering standards

  ★ used in determining ways to reduce possible harm to

  Acceptable Risk
• ★ remains after effort of disaster risk reduction

  ★ need for development of community capacity

  ★ sophisticated protocols for disaster risk reduction

  Residual Risk
• ★ can create potential nationwide impact either in one or

  cumulative event

  ‣ may be whole country or major parts of a country

  ★ requires intervention of MDRRMC

  National Disaster Risk
• ★ low severity, high frequency events

  ★ highly related to localized hazards

  ★ flooding in low-lying areas near a river

  ★ storm surges in shoreline communities

  Extensive Disaster Risk
• ★ highly related to localized hazards

  ★ volcanic activities and pandemics

  ★ high severity, mid-to-high frequency events

  Intensive Disaster Risk
• disaster impact that creates multitude of effects on a

  community’s capacity and resilience

  Cascading Disaster Effects
• ★ direct effects manifested from the disaster event

  ★ submerged houses and destroyed power lines

  ★ extreme weather events

  Primary Effects
• ★ arises from primary effects

  ★ biophysical and ecological processes

  ★ reduced food and crop yields

  ★ infectious diseases

  Secondary Effects
• ★ arises from secondary effects

  ★ usually take a longer time to manifest

  ‣ effects diffuse among community members

  ★ prolonged suspension of classes

  ★ physical/mental health problems

  Tertiary Effects
• It is a type of perspective that highlights how people respond, collectively to disasters based on their perceptions

  Ex. Bayanihan

  Sociocultural Perspective
• It is a type of perspective that focuses on people's mental health in response to disaster effects

  Ex. post-traumatic counseling

  Psychological Perspective
• It is a type of perspective that investigates the communities economic activities and their disruption

  Ex. Transportation of goods

  Economic Perspective
• It is a type of perspective that recognizes the possibility of disease outbreaks after an occurrence of a disaster

  Biological perspective
• It is a type of perspective that mainly targets how the government services are utilized to reduce disaster risk and disaster losses

  Political perspective