Energy and Metabolism

Cards (17)

  • What is cellular respiration?

    Occurs in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, and is a chemical reaction that breaks down nutrients (glucose) to release energy or ATP.
  • What is aerobic respiration?

    It occurs in the mitochondria, requiring oxygen, where glucose is broken down completely producing approximately 36 ATP.
  • What is the formula for cellular respiration?
    Glucose + Oxygen -> Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy
  • What is glycolysis?

    It is the first stage of both aerobic and anaerobic respiration, and occurs in the cytoplasm, glucose is broken down to produce 2 pyruvate and produces a small amount of energy in ATP and NADH.
  • What is the structure of the mitochondria?

    It has a smooth outer membrane, a folded inner structure, folds called cristae, the space inside is called the matrix.
  • What is Krebs cycle?
    A part of aerobic respiration, takes place in matrix of mitochondria, acetyl and CoA is broken down to produce CO2 and ATP, NADH, and FADH2.
  • What is the electron transport chain?
    A series of protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane that transfer electrons and generate 34 ATP.
  • What is anaerobic respiration?

    It does not require oxygen, occurs in cytoplasm, glucose is only partly broken down, releases a small amount of energy, occurs after glycolysis.
  • What is alcoholic fermentation?

    Alcohol is produced when anaerobic respiration occurs in plants, yeast, and some bacteria. Glucose is broken down to create ethanol, carbon dioxide, and a small amount of energy.
  • What is the formula for alcoholic fermentation?
    Glucose -> Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide + Energy
  • What is lactic acid fermentation?

    The anaerobic process converts glucose into lactic acid, producing ATP. Lactic acid is not wasted, oxygen is needed to get rid of lactic acid by breaking down to carbon dioxide + water.
  • What is the formula for lactic acid fermentation?
    Glucose -> Lactic Acid + Energy
  • What is photosynthesis?

    Plants use sunlight to produce nutrients, which occurs in the chloroplast of plant cells light energy is captured and used to convert water and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen.
  • What is the formula for photosynthesis?
    6CO2 + 6H20 -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
  • What is the structure of chloroplast?
    The stroma is the inner fluid, thylakoid compartments that contain chlorophyll, granum is a stack of thylakoids.
  • What are light reactions?

    They require sunlight and water, take place in the thylakoids, and result in oxygen and high energy molecules (ATP + NADH). Light + water enters the thylakoids, and electrons in chlorophyll transfer energy directly to ADP and NADP, creating ATP and NADPH. Water splits and forms NADPH and oxygen is released as a by-product.
  • What are dark reactions?

    Requires CO2 + NADPH, takes place in stroma, and results in sugar. ATP and NADPH release energy to convert CO2 into glucose. NADPH releases hydrogen, free hydrogen ions combine with CO2 to form glucose. NADP+ AND ADP are recycled.