TERMS

• Aspiration


  means that foods or fluids get into your airway. This can lead to trouble breathing or lung infections such as pneumonia.
• SWALLOWING


  is a complex activity that requires muscular

  coordination and timing for airway protection.
• Pulmonary aspiration


  is the mis-direction of oral secretions, fluids, solids, or gastric contents into the larynx and lower respiratory tract. It can cause complications, such as airway obstruction and aspiration pneumonia, and possibly death.
• deglutition


  process propels a bolus from the mouth, through the esophagus, and into the stomach.
• < 18.5


  underweight BMI
• 18.5 - 24.9


  normal BMI
• 25.0 - 29.9


  overweight or mild obesity BMI
• 30.0 - 39.9


  moderate obesity BMI
• Anorexia


  is loss of appetite to eat.
• Obesity


  20% greater than ideal body weight
• Overweight


  10% greater than IBW (ideal body weight)
• Oral Gastric Tube


  may be used for feedings, medication administration, or removal of contents from the stomach via aspiration, suction, or gravity drainage.
• gastric gavage


  To provide feeding
• gastric lavage


  To irrigate stomach
• pH test


  This method aspires the NG tube and checks the content by using pH paper.
• Chest Xray


  This method offer one of the best ways to check the placement of the NG tube.
• Defecation


  is an expulsion of feces from the rectum.
• valsalva maneuver


  an involuntary phase when feces is in the rectum.
• Alcoholic stool


  (abnormal characteristics of stool) gray, pale due to biliary obstruction
• Hematochezia


  (abnormal characteristics of stool) passage of bright red stool due to GI bleeding.
• Melena 


  (abnormal characteristics of stool) passage of black tarry stool due to upper GI bleeding
• steatorrhea


  (abnormal characteristics of stool) greasy, bulky, foul-smelling stool due to presence of undigested fats like in hepatobiliary-pancreaticobstructions.
• Fecal impaction


  hardened stool
• Flatulence


  presence of excessive gas (sa pag pamus on ini)
• Fecal incontinence


  involuntary elimination of bowel contents assoc. with emotional impairments, mental, neurologic.
• Diarrhea


  Refers to frequent evacuation of watery stools for 3-5 time or more. It is assoc. with increased gastric motility.
• Urinary Bladder


  serves as reservoir for urine. It can hold an approx. 1,000 ml of urine.
• Micturition

  it is the act of expelling urine from the bladder also called voiding or urination.
• Hematuria


  presence of red blood cells in urine
• Pyuria


  Presence of pus in urine
• Glycosuria


  Presence of glucose in urine
• Ketonuria


  Presence of ketones in urine
• polyuria


  excessive amount of urine ≥ 100ml/hr or 2500ml/day.
• oliguria


  decreased amount of urine ≤ 30ml/hr or ≤ 500ml/24 hr.
• Anuria


  absence of urine 0-10ml/hr
• Nocturia


  increased frequency of urine at night
• Dysuria


  painful urination
• Urinary incontinence


  can be stress incontinence, a continous and unpredictable loss of urine less than 50ml due to coughing, sneezing.
• Retention


  inability of the bladder to empty. 240 -250ml of urine in the bladder triggers by micturition
• Skin


  is the largest organ in the body and serves a variety of important functions in maintaining health and protecting the individual from injury.