def of ab - AO1

• Deviation from social norms (DSN)

  Concerns behaviour that is different from the accepted standards of behaviour in a community or society
• Failure to function adequately (FFS)


  Occurs when someone is unable to cope with the demands of day-to-day living
• Statistical infrequency(AO1)

  • Occurs when an individual has a less common characteristic
  • For example being more depressed or less intelligent than most of the population
  • Not often seen in society
  • Rare, not exhibited by many
• Deviation from ideal mental health (DIMH)

  Occurs when someone does not meet a set of criteria for good mental health
• Jahoda (1958) suggested that we are in good mental health if we meet the following criteria:

  • We have no symptoms or distress
  • We are rational and can perceive ourselves accurately
  • We self-actualise (strive to reach our potential)
  • We can cope with stress
  • We have a realistic view of the world
  • We have good self-esteem and lack guilt
  • We are independent of other people
  • We can successfully work, love and enjoy our leisure
• According to Rosenhan and Seligman (1989), when is someone failing to function adequately?

  • Not conforming to interpersonal rules (e.g., poor eye contact)
  • Severe personal distress
  • Behaviour that is irrational or dangerous to self or others
• What practical criteria are used to judge failure to function adequately?

  • Inability to maintain hygiene or nutrition
  • Inability to hold a job
  • Inability to maintain relationships
  • These behaviours suggest that the person is not coping with everyday life