Pregnancy Induced hypertension

• Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) is a condition wherein vasospasm occurs during pregnancy in both the small and large arteries in the body.
• Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension, also known as gestational hypertension, affects 5 to 8 percent of pregnancies. It involves vasospasm in both small and large arteries, leading to increased blood pressure and potential complications in organ systems
• PIH is characterized by abnormal vasospasm, where blood vessels constrict more than usual.
• Vasoconstriction increases peripheral vascular resistance, making it harder for blood to flow through the vessels
• The endothelium, the inner lining of blood vessels, may experience dysfunction in PIH
• Reduced blood flow to the placenta, known as placental insufficiency, is a key aspect of PIH.
• Inadequate blood supply can compromise the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the maternal and fetal circulations
• Activation of the renin-angiotensin system may occur in PIH.
• Dysregulation of RAS can lead to the production of angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, contributing to increased blood pressure
• • Inflammation plays a role in the pathophysiology of PIH, with increased levels of inflammatory markers observed
• Inflammatory processes may contribute to endothelial dysfunction and vasoconstriction.
• Elevated blood pressure and compromised blood flow in PIH can affect various organ systems in the mother, including the liver, kidneys, brain, and uterus
• Organ dysfunction may manifest as symptoms such as headaches, visual disturbances, and proteinuria
• Increased cardiac output occurs with pregnancy, and it can injure the epithelial cells of the arteries. Prostaglandin, a vasodilator, may also contribute to the injury. Reduced responsiveness of the blood vessels to the blood pressure is lost. There is vasoconstriction and blood pressure increases.
• Signs and Symptoms of Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension:

  • Proteinuria
  • Hypertension
  • Edema
• Protein leaks out during this condition and can be detected in the urine.

  Proteinuria
• An increase in the usual blood pressure of the woman is the first indicator of this disease.

  Hypertension
• Since protein has already leaked out and it is responsible for containing water inside the vessels

  Edema
• Medical Interventions for Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension

  Antiplatelet Therapy and Administer medications to prevent eclampsia
• To avoid the progression of the disease to eclampsia, _________ may be prescribed to reduce hypertension

  hydralazine, nifedipine, and labetalol
• Nursing Interventions:

  Monitor Vital Signs and Fluid Balance
• releases renin


  Juxtaglomerular cells
• Three Classifications of PIH

  • Gestational Hypertension
  • Pre-eclampsia
  • eclampia
• what is a severe case of PIH?

  eclampsia
• + PIH ?

  mild PIH
• ++ PIH ?

  pre-eclampsia
• +++ PIH?

  eclampsia