Rh-ABO Compatability

• incompatibility refers to a condition in which there is a mismatch between the Rh factor (positive or negative) and/or ABO blood type (A, B, AB, or O) of a mother and her baby.

  Rh/ABO Incompatability
• This incompatibility can lead to various complications during pregnancy and childbirth, including hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN), if not adequately managed.
• STRUCTURES INVOLVED IN RH/ABO COMPATIBILITY

  • RBC
  • Placenta
  • Immune System
  • Liver
  • Spleen
•  process by which the immune system will produce an antibody, which is a defensive protein, in response to a substance

  Sensitization
• meaning of IgG

  Immunoglobulin G
• However, if the mother becomes sensitized during the first pregnancy, subsequent pregnancies with Rh-positive fetuses is at risk for hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN), wherein the antibodies attack the fetal RBCs,
• HDN manifests with jaundice, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, and in severe cases, kernicterus.
• Treatment involves administering Rh immunoglobulin (RhIg) to Rh-negative mothers to prevent sensitization and managing severe cases with intrauterine or postnatal transfusions.
• on the other hand, arises when there’s a mismatch in blood types between the mother and the baby

  ABO Incompatability
• "more sever, less common"

  Rh Incompatability
• "Less severe, more common"

  ABO incompatability
•  checks your blood for antibodies that attack red blood cells.

  coombs testing
• What Maternal antibodies against the ABO antigens attack fetal red blood cells.

  Immunoglobulin M
• What is monitored in the diagnosis of ABO incompatability

  bilirubin levels
• Signs and Symptoms of Rh/ABO Incompatibility;

  • yellow amniotic fluid
  • hepatosplenomegaly
  • jaundice
  • pale-looking skin
  • tachycardia
• referes to the both the liver and spleen are enlarged

  hepatosplenomegaly
• Medical Interventions

  • Rh Immunoglobulin (RhIg)
  • Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG)
  • Intrauterine blood tranfusion
  • exchange transfusion
• a potentially life-saving procedure that is done to counteract the effects of serious jaundice

  Exchange transfusion
• Nursing interventions:

  • monitor for signs of hemolysis and jaundice