2024

• example of charity

  RNI(Royal National Lifeboat Institute)
• mediation

  aiming to resolve conflicts between countries
• protecting rights of the people in the workplace

  trade union
• explain why local community groups may find taking action to improve the local area difficult

  1. lack of funding , either for the campaign itself or the change they want to make
  2. lack of support from government
• 2 problems that NGOs may face when involved in challenging global situations

  -lack of support to seek approval for their actions from international organisations

  -unable to send staff to other countries for help as there is conflict /war
• 2 ways in which sanctions may help to resolve international conflict

  -military sanctions may force countries in conflict to a ceasefire. Where they may then negotiate peace with each other and shorten conflicts

  -Economic sanctions may provide an alternative to conflict and put pressure on governments as countries may use them instead of invading other countries in conflict.
• explain the main functions of the United Nations and NATO

  ------UN

  1. to maintain international peace and security
  2. to promote international sustainable development
  3. to protect human rights
  4. to uphold international law

  -----NATO

  1. to mediate disputes between member states
  2. to promote security for member states by supporting them if they are threatened
  3. to promote democratic values
  4. to intervene in conflicts on humanitarian grounds as part of a global response
• Q1: Is press regulation in the UK unnecessary?

  ✅ Arguments FOR the idea that press regulation is unnecessary:

  • Freedom of expression is a key part of democracy — press should stay independent.
  • Regulation can lead to censorship by undemocratic or corrupt governments.
  • Press holds power to account — regulation could stop them from doing this job.
  • The press can self-regulate (e.g., not publishing details that ruin court trials).

  ❌ Arguments AGAINST the idea that press regulation is unnecessary (i.e., why regulation is needed):

  • Press has invaded privacy in the past (e.g., phone hacking scandals).
  • Without regulation, press could unfairly influence voters during elections.
  • Self-regulation hasn’t worked — not all papers join IPSO (e.g., Guardian, Independent).
  • Media sometimes act unethically to get exclusive stories (e.g., harassing victims).
• Q2: Is democratic campaigning the most effective way to change behaviour in society?

  ✅ Arguments FOR democratic campaigning being effective:

  • Looks respectful and persuasive — can convince government to act.
  • Gains support of high-profile people who pressure government.
  • Gets attention from people in power who can change laws.
  • Raises awareness — makes the government realise change is needed.

  ❌ Arguments AGAINST it being the most effective way:

  • Government can ignore campaigns they don’t agree with.
  • Campaigns might not change public opinion enough to force action.
  • Laws can change without campaigns (e.g., through Private Members’ Bills).
  • Education campaigns may be more effective for behaviour change (e.g., road safety, Change4Life).