2022

• Q8: Role of the Press Regulator in the UK (4 marks)

  • Prevents the press from intruding on people’s private lives.
  • IPSO holds newspapers/magazines accountable for their actions.
  • Protects individual rights and upholds journalism standards.
  • Maintains freedom of expression while ensuring fair press behaviour.
  • IMPRESS enforces a standards code and builds public trust.
  • Membership is voluntary, following the Leveson Report.
• Q9: How the Commonwealth & WTO Affect the UK (6 marks)

  Commonwealth:

  • Promotes democracy and good governance among member states.
  • Encourages trade, tackles poverty, boosts prosperity.
  • Mainly involves former British Empire countries.
  • Supports informal trade agreements.

  WTO:

  • Regulates world trade rules affecting UK’s trading laws.
  • Helps UK resolve trade disputes through mediation.
  • Encourages free trade — gives UK more markets post-Brexit.
  • Supports UK exporters and producers to trade efficiently.
• Q10: “The only way to prevent international conflict is through the use of force.” (10 marks)

  Arguments For (Support the statement):

  • Force can stop threats from dangerous countries.
  • Only force can stop human rights abuses in some cases.
  • Sanctions might be ignored — leaving force as only choice.
  • Diplomacy may fail — force ensures action.

  Arguments Against (Counter the statement):

  • Force can make conflicts worse or escalate violence.
  • Sanctions may be more effective — countries want to protect their economies.
  • Diplomacy preferred by most countries.
  • International organisations offer peaceful conflict prevention methods.
• Q11: “Action within the local community is the most effective way to address injustice.” (15 marks)

  Arguments For (Support the statement):

  • Local action motivates volunteers by showing community impact.
  • Local organisers know their community’s specific injustices.
  • Local projects can attract high support from residents.
  • Local groups gain independence in how funds are spent.

  Arguments Against (Counter the statement):

  • Local injustice may be part of wider national issues.
  • National schemes can better target those most in need.
  • National projects have more money to tackle injustice.
  • Government is better at creating consistent, wide-reaching solutions.
• lobbying

  trying to influence the opinion of the decision makers
• pressure group E.g

  -Amnesty International

  -greenpeace
• digital Democracy is the use of online technology to

  enable engagement with voters and make them more likely to vote
• How do NGOs support the development in health, education, and environmental projects?

  ----can organise education programmes that benefit the economy, as more citizens will be able to work higher-skilled jobs

  ---- can set up fundraising projects to build infrastructure that improves the country, such as wells with clean water
• Why is citizens' participation in politics in the UK limited

  -lack of knowledge of political issues

  -lack of time due to working long hours

  -Believe that voting will make no difference