2020

• Q9: How the UK benefits from WTO and NATO membership (6 marks)

  WTO (World Trade Organisation):

  • UK helps shape world trade rules.
  • UK can use WTO to resolve trade disputes.
  • Encourages free trade, boosting UK economy.
  • Supports UK producers, exporters, and importers to trade efficiently.

  NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation):

  • UK gets protection/support if attacked.
  • Encourages international defence cooperation = fewer conflicts.
  • Other NATO countries give aid/help during crises.
  • UK shares military intelligence to stop terrorist threats.
• Q10: “Opportunities to participate in politics make the UK one of the most democratic countries.” (10 marks)

  Support the statement:

  • UK holds fair and regular elections.
  • Citizens can join/support many political parties.
  • Participation opportunities: pressure groups, charities, citizenship education.
  • Free press educates public and allows criticism/support of politicians.

  Counter the statement:

  • UK democracy criticised (e.g. Brexit media bias).
  • Electoral system not fully democratic (no proportional representation).
  • Participation doesn't always lead to real influence.
  • Other democracies (e.g. Switzerland) offer more citizen control (e.g. referendums).
• Q11: “Organisations like Red Cross & Amnesty are more effective than governments at tackling human rights abuses.” (15 marks)

  Support the statement:

  • Provide direct aid in conflict zones (e.g. water, food, education).
  • Promote development and reduce conflict.
  • Can work in dangerous zones to promote peace.
  • UNHCR helps with refugees and resettlement efforts.

  Counter the statement:

  • Aid doesn’t always stop violence — force might be needed.
  • Sanctions might work better (e.g. banning exports).
  • Mediation may be more effective (e.g. ceasefires).
  • Aid might be misused and not reach the right people.
• free press is

  not controlled or limited by government
• NGOs

  independent groups that are not state-controlled
• Trubunals

  issues are resolved in less formal way outside the court system
• 2 advantages of joining a trade union

  -helps to improve working conditions

  -help workers improve their wages

  -help provide support on workplace disputes
• How does international law protect citizens in situations of armed conflict

  -International law sets rules that protect rights that apply only in times of war

  -The Geneva Convention 1949 has been agreed by almost every country
• 2 reasons why press censorship may occur

  -may be used to protect the identities of people, such as young people on trial

  -There are legal restrictions on what can be written or broadcast, such as inciting hatred materials