2018

• Q6: One role played by charities in society (2 marks)

  • Raise funds and awareness for causes through events (e.g. Race for Life for cancer).
  • Campaign to influence government and change laws (e.g. Mind lobbying for mental health funding).
• Q7: Two ways pressure group activities may disadvantage citizens (2 marks)

  1. Some groups have extremist views which can cause conflict.
  2. Some activities (e.g. strikes) disrupt daily life — prevent people getting to work.
• 8: Two ways citizens contribute to UK democracy (4 marks)

  1. Join a pressure group – helps influence and change policy.
  2. Stand for election – represents people and helps run the country.
• Q9: Main functions of the UN and Commonwealth (6 marks)

  United Nations:

  • Maintain international peace and security.
  • Promote sustainable development.
  • Protect human rights.
  • Uphold international law.

  Commonwealth:

  • Advance aims between member states (former British Empire).
  • Promote democracy and good governance.
  • Tackle poverty and boost prosperity.
  • Encourage informal trade deals.
• Q10: “Being a member of international organisations is always beneficial for the UK.” (10 marks)

  Support the statement:

  • Helps with trade and worker protection (e.g. EU).
  • Increases security (e.g. NATO).
  • Gives financial/civil aid (e.g. flooding support).

  Counter the statement:

  • Membership costs money (e.g. contributions to NATO/EU).
  • UK must follow rules it may not support.
  • Can drag UK into unwanted conflicts.
  • Not all countries are members – UK still needs other alliances.
• Q11: “A free press can do as much harm as good in a democracy.” (15 marks)

  Support the statement:

  • May be biased or partisan (e.g. 2015 election attacks).
  • Invades privacy without protecting rights.
  • Doesn’t cover all sides fairly (e.g. ignoring Green Party).
  • Can distort public opinion by focusing on some issues only.

  Counter the statement:

  • Uncovers corruption (e.g. “Cash for Questions” scandal).
  • Helps protect rights and raise awareness.
  • Highlights issues gov might ignore (e.g. NHS "crisis").
  • Allows criticism and accountability — core to democracy.
• Council of Europe is an organisation that

  promotes human rights, democracy,and rule of law
• NGOs e.g

  save the children
• International humanitarian law applies to situations involving

  armed conflict between or within conflicts