Freud

• the basic elects of the personality, the motivating forces that drive behavior and determine its direction

  instincts
• needs for life, food, and sex, for survival

  life instincts
• the unconscious drive toward decay, destruction, and aggression

  death instincts
• the compulsion to destroy, conquer, and kill

  aggressive drive
• the form of psychic energy, manifested by the life instincts, that drives a person toward pleasurable behaviors and thoughts

  libidoSee an expert-written answer!We have an expert-written solution to this problem!
• an investment of psychic energy in an object or person

  cathexis
• includes all the sensations and experiences of which we are aware at any given moment; contact with the outside world

  the conscious
• difficult to retrieve material, well below the surface of awareness

  unconscious
• the storehouse of all our memories; material just beneath the surface or awareness

  preconscious
• the "pleasure principle"; the aspect of personality allied with the instincts


  id
• the moral aspect of personality

  superego
• the rational aspect of personality, responsible for directing and controlling the instincts according to the reality principle

  ego
• fear of real-life threats

  reality anxiety
• fear of punishment/consequences; conflict between the id and ego

  neurotic anxiety
• fear of the instincts themselves (guilt and shame); conflict between the id and superego

  moral anxiety
• a defense mechanism that involves unconscious denial of the existence of something that causes anxiety; shoving it below the surface

  repression
• a defense mechanism that involves denying the existence of an external threat

  denial
• a defense mechanism that involves expressing an id impulse that is the opposite of the one that is truly driving it

  reaction formation
• a defense mechanism that involves attributing a disturbing impulse onto someone else

  projection
• a defense mechanism that involves retreating to an earlier, less frustrating period of life and displaying the usually childish behavior the more secure time

  regression
• a defense mechanism that involves reinterpreting our behavior to make it more acceptable and less threatening to ourselves

  rationalization
• a defense mechanism that involves shifting id impulses from a threatening object that is unavailable to an object that is available

  displacement
• a defense mechanism that involves altering or displacing id id impulses by diverting instinctual energy into socially acceptable behaviors

  sublimation
• a condition in which a portion of libido remains invested in one of the psychosexual stages because of excessive frustration or gratification

  fixation
• the main emphasis in this psychosexual stage is trust issues in later life

  oral
• the main emphasis in this psychosexual stage is control on issues later in life

  anal
• the main emphasis in this psychosexual stage is self-esteem issues later in life; superego development; the Oedipal complex and Electra complex

  phallic
• the psychosexual stage in which puberty begins

  latency
• the main emphasis in this psychosexual stage is relationships

  genital
• a technique in which the patient says whatever comes to mind

  free association
• the expression of emotions that is expected to lead to the reduction of disturbing symptoms

  catharsis
• in free association, a blockage or refusal to disclose painful memories

  resistance
• The ____ method for studying personality involves intense study of a single individual. The _____ method involves experimental research concerning laws of behavior that can be applied to people in general.

  idiographic; nomothetic
• 3 Factors that Make Psychoanalysis Interesting

  1. its foundations (sex and aggression) are popular subjects

  2. it was spread beyond its place of origin

  3. Freud's command of language
• What are the twin corner stones of psychoanalysis?

  sex and aggression
• Bases for Freud's Understanding of Human Personality

  1. patients

  2. dream analysis

  3. readings
• 4 Ways in Which Freud's Definition of Science is Different

  1. reliance in deductive reasoning

  2. subjective observations on a relatively small sample

  3. absence of controlled conditions

  4. data wasn't quantified
• Effect of Freud's Attachment to and Relationship with His Mother

  lifelong self-confidence
• Why was Freud drawn into medicine?

  He was intensely curious about human nature
• What did Freud learn from Charcot?

  hypnosis