19.3 Body plans

Cards (12)

What is a homeobox gene?
A gene controlling the anatomical development of an animal, plant or fungus
Why are homeobox genes highly conserved in plants, animals and fungi?
Highly conserved anatomical structure ensures survival and reproduction
What is the homeobox sequence?
A sequence of 180 DNA base pairs found in all homeotic / homeobox genes --> codes for the homeodomain of regulatory proteins
What is the homeodomain sequence?
A sequence of 60 amino acids encoded by the homeobox sequence
What is a Hox gene?
A homeobox / homeotic gene found only in animals
What type of genes are homeotic / homeobox / Hox genes?
Regulatory
How many Hox gene clusters are found in humans?
4
What is apoptosis?
Programmed cell death
How is apoptosis different to cell death due to trauma?
Apoptosis does not involve hydrolytic enzymes
What is a bleb in terms of apoptosis?
A protrusion from a cell early on in apoptosis
What are 4 cell signals that can induce apoptosis?
Cytokines, hormones, growth factors, nitric oxide
What are 4 uses of apoptosis in plant and animal tissue development?
Separation of limbs and digits in embryonic development, removal of anti-self T/B lymphocytes, immune response to viral infection, prevent tumour growth