Progress and Continuity

• Few if any significant medical individuals in Christian Medieval Europe
• The church and the universities in Christian Medieval Europe taught Physicians the work of ancient Greek Hippocrates and ancient Roman Galen
• During the time of the Crusades, Christians came into contact with the work of Islamic doctors like IBN Cena (Avicenna) and al-razzi (Razis)
• Islamic doctors introduced some new ideas but their work was largely based on the work of the Ancients like Galen and Hippocrates
• Education in Medieval Europe was largely controlled by the church
• Local education in Medieval Europe tended to be in basic literacy led by a priest
• Physicians in Medieval Europe went to church universities such as Oxford and Cambridge
• Church universities in Medieval Europe focused their teaching on the Ancients rather than finding new ideas
• The church in Medieval Europe did not allow human dissection
• Medieval attitudes tended to be conservative and superstitious
• Medieval people believed in religious or supernatural ideas like witchcraft, luck, and astrology
• Astrology was a key part of Medical Training in the 14th century
• Physicians in the 14th century used planetary movements and zodiac signs in their treatments
• Repetition is key for learning and memory retention
• Continuity was observed in the church actively discouraging seeking out new ideas and challenging the old in medieval medicine
• Government in medieval times made some improvements to basic hygiene and public health
• Individual genius in medieval medicine was dominated by Hippocrates and Galen
• Islamic knowledge brought back to Europe through the Crusades represented some limited progress in medieval medicine
• Education in medieval times was largely controlled by the church and focused on ancient ideas
• Attitudes in medieval times were conservative and made it hard for new ideas to break through
• Overall, there was limited progress in medieval medicine
• Government and individual genius showed some progress in medieval medicine
• Continuity was more prevalent than change in medieval medicine