KT3 End of the Cold War 1970-1991

• What is detente?

  An easing of tensions
• Why did a period of detente occur?

  • To avoid nuclear war
  • The arms race was expensive
  • The Vietnam war
  • Relations between China and the USSR
• Why did the Vietnam War increase the need for Detente?

  The USA had been fighting in Vietnam since 1955. and it had been expensive, lengthy and embarrassing as well as it being opposed by most American people
• When did the USA sign a peace treaty with Vietnam?

  1973
• Why did relations between China and the USSR increase the need for Detente?

  China was communist and their relationship worried the USA but by this time the relationship was in decline and relations between the USA and China improved, the USSR didn't want to be left behind
• What does SALT stand for?

  Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
• When was SALT 1?

  May 1972
• In which decade did a period of Detente occur?

  1970s
• What was in the SALT 1 agreement?

  It reduced the number of ICBMs the countries possessed
• When did American and Soviet astronauts shake hands in space?

  1975
• Which two leaders met for SALT 1?

  Nixon and Brezhnev
• Where was SALT 1?

  Moscow
• When was the Helsinki agreement?

  1975
• How many countries signed the Helsinki agreement?

  35
• What was the Helsinki Agreement?

  A treaty recognising the border in Europe stablished following WW2 which meant the West recognised the Soviet control of territories gained during WW2. It also laid out agreements on human rights and freedom of speech and an agreement to help each other economically
• Which country did not uphold their agreement on human rights and freedom of speech?

  USSR
• When was SALT 2?

  1979
• When did the talks leading up to SALT 2 take place?

  1972 - 1979
• What did SALT 2 aim to do?

  Limit the manufacturing of nuclear weapons
• Who signed SALT 2?

  Brezhnev and Carter
• What happened shortly after SALT 2?

  The USSR invaded Afghanistan
• Which country never ratified SALT 2?

  USA
• When did the PDPA take control of Afghanistan?


  1978
• What does the PDPA stand for?

  The People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan
• Which country had financed the PDPA?

  The USSR
• What happened to the PDPA IN 1979?

  A pro-West faction overthrew the pro-Soviet faction
• Who became president of Afghanistan in 1979?

  Hafizullah Amin
• What did Brezhnev use to justify his invasion of Afghnistan?

  The Brezhnev Doctrine
• When was Amin killed during a USSR attack?

  December 1979
• When had the USSR established a pro-Soviet government in Afghanistan after their invasion?

  1st of January 1980
• Why did religious groups in Afghanistan oppose communists?

  They suppressed the Islamic faith and tortured and executed many prominent Muslim leaders
• What was the name of the group created by Afghan resistance fighters against communists?

  The Mujahideen
• Who gave weapons to the Mujahideen?

  China and the USA
• Who gave military training to the Mujahideen?

  The USA
• How did the Mujahideen fight against the Red Army?

  Using guerrilla warfare like ambushes, sabotage and hit-and-run tactics
• Who was president of the USA during the Afghan rebellion?

  Carter
• What was President Carter's view on communism compared to Nixon?

  He was more hostile and critical
• When did Carter announce the policy of containment also included the Middle East?

  1980
• What was the Carter Doctrine?

  Carter announcing containment included the Middle East
• Why did the USA want to protect the Gulf states?

  They produced large amounts of oil and the USA wanted to preserve their influence