Respiratory System

• Nasal Chamber


  Warms air on entry into the body and filters air to trap dust particles/ bacteria
• Larynx


  Produces Sound
• Trachea (windpipe)


  provides an air passage to lungs during respiration, inhales oxygenated air and exhales carbon dioxide
• Bronchi


  Splits from trachea into two lungs to direct gasses into two lungs
• Bronchiole 


  Splits the bronchi again and again to distribute air to alveoli
• Lungs


  Pair of elastic sacs into which air is drawn in and out, characteristic of vertebrates
• Diaphragm


  Contracts/ expands to allow less/ more room for lungs to deflate/ inflate
• Alveoli


  Tiny air sacs surrounded by blood vessels which allow rapid gaseous exchange (one cell thick) to and from blood stream
• Act of Breathing


  1. Air containing oxygen is inhaled into respiratory system through mouth and nose

  2. Air passes through larynx and trachea

  3. Trachea divides into air passages into bronchi in lungs which divide into many bronchioles

  4. The air passes into bronchioles which connect to tiny airsacs called alveoli

  5. The air passes into alveoli which are surrounded by capillaries where oxygen from inhaled air passes through alveoli walls and into blood

  6. After absorbing oxygen, the blood leaves the lungs and carries it to heart

  7. The heart then pumps oxygenated blood through body and cells of tissues and organs

  8. Once cells use oxygen, carbon dioxide is produced and absorbed into the blood.

  9. The blood then carried the carbon dioxide back to lungs where it’s removed from bloodstream into alveoli and exhaled from body
• Ribs 


  Curved bones protecting organs behind
• Sternum


  Thickened middle line bone that controls rib movement ( mechanical process)
• As animal breathes IN the rib cage is pulled upwards and outwards by sternum which allows lung volume to increase.

  Air is pushed into inflated lungs to allow gas exchange to happen in the alveoli and link to the circulatory system
• As animal breathes OUT the rib cage is pulled downwards and inwards by the sternum which causes a decrease in lung volume and pushes air out of lungs and up through trachea
• Aerobic respiration


  Getting oxygen from air
• Anaerobic respiration


  Lack of oxygen in air so body gains oxygen from own cells
• 4 components of the respiratory system

  LARYNX

  TRACHEA

  BRONCHI

  ALVEOLI
• Alveoli 


  exchange oxygen/ carbon dioxide/ gases to/ from the bloodstream
• Trachea/ bronchi/ bronchioles 


  Provide air passage to the lungs during respiration

  Inhale oxygenated air and exhale carbon dioxide

  Assist with thermoregulation
• Alveoli 


  enable exchange of gases from the blood stream to/ from the lungs

  Diffuse oxygen into the bloodstream

  Doff use carbon dioxide from the blood stream into the lungs
• Diaphragm 


  Contracts/ expands allowing more/ less room for the lungs to inflate/ deflate
• Nasal Chamber 


  Warms air on entry to body

  Filters air before it enters the lungs / body

  To trap dust particles/ bacteria before air enters the lungs / body