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Paper 2
Homeostasis and Response
Homeostasis
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GCSE > Biology > Paper 2 > Homeostasis and Response > Homeostasis
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Cards (60)
Homeostasis
the process of keeping the
internal conditions
of the body
constant
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Receptors
cells
found in
sense organs
, e.g. eyes,
ears
,
nose
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Effectors
part of the
body
(e.g. a
muscle
or a
gland
) that produces a
response
to
stimuli
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Negative feedback
a
set
of
events
that
detects
a
variable
and then
corrects
any
change
in the
variable away
from a
set value
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Thermoregulatory
centre
the part of the
brain
responsible for maintaining a
constant
body
temperature
in
warm-blooded
animals
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Vasodilation
occurs when
blood vessels
in the
skin
become
wider
so that more
blood
flows close to the
surface
of the
skin
to
increase heat loss
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Vasoconstriction
occurs when blood vessels in the skin become
narrower
so that
less blood
flows close to the
surface
of the skin
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Central nervous system
(CNS)
the part of the nervous system made up of the
brain
and
spinal cord
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Synapse
the
gap
between two
neurones
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Cerebral cortex
the area at the top of the brain that is responsible for
intelligence
and initiating
movements
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Cerebellum
part of the
brain
, at the
rear
, that is responsible for
balance
and
controlling
movements
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Medulla
the area of the
brain
that controls
heartbeat
and
breathing
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Retina
the layer at the
back
of the eye that contains the
lightsensitive
receptors
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Optic nerve
a collection of
neurones
that pass
nerve impulses
from the
eye
to the
brain
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Sclera
the
tough white coating
to the
eye
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Cornea
the
transparent
membrane that covers the
eyeball
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Iris
the
coloured
part of the eye that changes the
size
of the
pupil
in response to different
light intensities
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Pupil
the
opening
at the
front
of the eye that lets
light
enter
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Ciliary muscles
muscles
in the
eyes
that can change the
shape
of the
lens
for
accommodation
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Suspensory ligaments
structures that attach the
ciliary
muscle to the
lens
in the eye
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Accomodation
process that occurs to enable the eye to
change
so that objects at different
distances
can be focused on the
retina
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Refract
to
bend
/
change
the
direction
of a
light
ray (commonly performed by a
lens
)
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Myopia
the condition that stops a person’s eyes from focusing on
distant
objects clearly
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Hyperopia
the condition that stops a person’s eyes from focusing on
near objects
clearly
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Endocrine
system
a system of
glands
that release
hormones
directly into the
bloodstream
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Hormone
a
chemical messenger
produced by a
gland
that
travels
in the
blood
to its
target organ
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Pituitary gland
a small gland at the base of the brain that produces
hormones
; known as the
‘master gland’
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Adrenaline
hormone
released from the
adrenal
gland, which prepares the body for
‘fight
or
flight’
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Thyroxine
a hormone released from the
thyroid
gland that controls the
metabolic
rate of the body
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Type 1 diabetes
a condition where not enough
insulin
is produced by the
pancreas
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Type
2
diabetes
a condition where
insulin
is produced but the
cells
of the
body
do not
respond
to it
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Urea
a
waste
product from the breakdown of
proteins
formed in the
liver
and
excreted
in
urine
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Deamination
the
breakdown
of
excess
amino acids in the
liver
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Selective
reabsorption
the process of
active transport
that
reabsorbs useful molecules
back into the
blood
from the
kidney tubules
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Tubules
small tubes in the
kidney
, where
blood
is filtered, selective
reabsorption
takes place, and
urine
is produced
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ADH
hormone
released from the
pituitary
gland, which acts on the
kidneys
causing more
water
to be
reabsorbed
back into the
blood
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Dialysis
the
artificial
removal of
urea
and
excess
material from the
blood
(used when the
kidneys
fail)
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Oestrogen
a
hormone
secreted by the
ovaries
that inhibits the production of
FSH
and triggers the production of
LH
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Ovulation
the release of an
egg
(ovum) from the
ovary
into the
fallopian
tube
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Testosterone
a
hormone
produced by the
testes
that controls the
male sexual
characteristics
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