3. The speech communication process

• 7 elements in the speech communication process

  1. Speaker
  2. Message
  3. Channel
  4. Listener
  5. Feedback
  6. Interference
  7. Situation
• Speaker


  the person who is presenting an oral message to a listener.
• Your success as a speaker depends on your credibility, your knowledge of the subject, your preparation of the speech, your manner of speaking, your sensitivity to the audience and the occasion.
• Successful speech also requires enthusiasm on the part of the speaker
• Message

  whatever a speaker communicates to someone else. T
• Two types of messages

  Verbal: what you say

  Non-verbal: How you say
• narrow your topic down to something you can discuss adequately in the time allowed for the speech
• Besides the message you send with words, you sent a message with your tone of voice, appearance, gestures, facial expression and eye contact
• Channel


  the means by which a message is communicated.
• Listener

  the person who receives the speaker’s message
• Frame of reference


  the total of his or her knowledge, experience, goals, values, and attitudes.
• Because people have different frame of reference, a public speaker must take great care to adapt the message to the particular audience being addressed
• Feedback


  Nonverbal that are sent from a listener to a speaker. As a speaker you need to be alert to these reactions and adjust your message accordingly.
• Interference


  Anything that impedes the communication of a message.
• Two kinds of interference

  External Interference

  Internal Interference
• External Interference


  can be the traffic outside the building, the noise of the air conditioner, students conversing outside your classroom, a room that is stifling hot or freezing cold
• Internal interference


  can be the ill health of one of your listeners and his or her lack of paying attention due to that or someone who could be worrying about a test in the next class period or someone who is brooding about an argument with a girlfriend or a boyfriend.
• Situation


  the time and place in which speech communication occurs.
• Speakers must be alert to the situation. Certain occasions- funerals, church services, graduation ceremonies- require certain kinds of speeches. Physical setting is also important.