TQM

• Total Quality Management (TQM) originated in the 1950s and is mainly used in Japan
• Edwards Deming’s 14 Points for Total Quality Management


  1. Create constancy of purpose for improving products and services

  2. Adopt the new philosophy

  3. Cease dependence on inspection to achieve quality

  4. End the practice of awarding business on price alone; instead, minimize total cost by working with a single supplier

  5. Improve constantly and forever every process for planning, production and service

  6. Institute training on the job

  7. Adopt and institute leadership

  8. Drive out fear

  9. Break down barriers between staff areas

  10. Eliminate slogans, exhortations and targets for the workforce

  11. Eliminate numerical quotas for the workforce and numerical goals for management

  12. Remove barriers that rob people of pride of workmanship, and eliminate the annual rating or merit system

  13. Institute a vigorous program of education and self-improvement for everyone

  14. Put everybody in the company to work accomplishing the transformation
• The Early 20th Century: Quality management systems, as we now think of them, first started to be developed in the 1920s, as statistical sampling techniques were introduced into quality control methodology, pioneered by Walter A. Shewhart – sometimes referred to as the father of statistical quality control
• Key to the development of the total quality management techniques that industries still rely on today were experts such as Joseph M. Juran and W. Edwards Deming
• Joseph M. Juran is considered by many to be the father of many of the quality management techniques still used in industry today
• Joseph M. Juran was born in Romania in 1904 and gained a degree in electrical engineering
• Joseph M. Juran began working for the Bell System after World War I, where he was introduced to statistical sampling and quality control
• During World War II, Juran served as an administrator in the government’s Lend-Lease Administration
• After the war, Joseph M. Juran opted not to return to Bell, choosing to further his work in the field of quality
• Joseph M. Juran took a position at New York University’s Department of Industrial Engineering and spent the following years refining his theories on quality control while lecturing and consulting extensively for businesses
• Joseph M. Juran began writing what would become his acclaimed Quality Control
• Juran spent the following years refining his theories on quality control while lecturing and consulting extensively for businesses
• Juran began writing what would become his acclaimed Quality Control Handbook, first published by McGraw-Hill in 1951
• Juran's handbook is still in print, currently in its seventh edition and is widely regarded as the go-to text on quality control
• Juran's reputation in the field of quality management spread not just nationally, but worldwide
• The Union of Japanese Scientists and Engineers invited Juran to Japan to discuss the theories and techniques he had developed over the years


  1954
• W. Edwards Deming was born in 1900 and made significant contributions to quality management
• Deming worked with the US Census Bureau from 1939 and his development of statistical process control innovations resulted in a six-fold increase in productivity
• Deming's contributions directly led to the development of total quality management becoming widespread in Japanese industry
• Deming's work is believed to have contributed greatly to the reconstruction of Japan's post-war economy
• Deming's management principles weren't widely adopted in the United States over the next couple of decades
• Ford Motor Company sought Deming's input which contributed to Ford becoming the most profitable US auto company by 1985
• Edwards Deming died in 1993, but continued consulting and authored several seminal books
• The modern quality revolution began in the 1970s when the quality of Japanese goods surpassed those of the US and Europe
• The 1980s saw a big emphasis on quality improvement and the adoption of new practices such as Just in Time (JIT)
• By the 1990s, quality improvement methodology was being applied to the working practices of organizations
• Motorola developed the concept of Six Sigma which asserts that all products and processes must strive for perfection
• Juran's method had been employed to create the data-driven improvement cycle, DMAIC
• William Edwards Deming is recognized as the leading management thinker in the field of quality. "father of quality" W.Edwards Deming was born in 1900, by the age of 28 had gained degrees in engineering mathematics, and lecturing in the fields of math, physics, from yale.
• Deming's philosophy espouses cooperation and continual improvement for both individuals and organizations
• Dr. Juran has a well-deserved reputation as the founder of a range of quality management techniques
• Dr. Juran's quality management approach is based on three key principles: the Pareto principle, quality management principles, and the Juran Trilogy - quality planning, quality control, and quality improvement
• Armand V. Feigenbaum is known for his work on total quality control and quality costs
• Quality Gurus and their Key Contributions

  • Philip Crosby: The Four Absolutes of Quality Management: Quality is conformance to requirements, Quality prevention is preferable to quality inspection, Zero defects is the quality performance standard, Quality is measured in monetary terms – the price of non-conformance, 14 Steps to Quality Improvement: Management is committed to quality – and this is clear to all, Create quality improvement teams – with (senior) representatives from all departments, Measure processes to determine current and potential quality issues, Calculate the cost of (poor) quality, Raise quality awareness of all employees, Take action to correct quality issues, Monitor progress of quality improvement – establish a zero defects committee, Train employees in quality improvement, Hold “zero defects” days, Encourage employees to create their own quality improvement goals, Encourage employee communication with management about obstacles to quality, Recognize participants’ effort, Create quality councils, Do it all over again – quality improvement
• Quality Gurus


  • Armand V. Feigenbaum: Known for his work on total quality control and quality costs, Originator of the concept of the “hidden plant”, Walter A. Shewhart: Originator of statistical quality control (SQC) and the “Shewhart cycle” or “Plan-Do-Check-Act” (PDCA), Shigeo Shingo: Frontrunner in continuous process improvement and operational excellence, Developed the concept of the Single-Minute Exchange of Die (SMED), Philip Crosby: Known for the principle of “doing it right the first time” (DIRFT) and the Four Absolutes of Quality, Genichi Taguchi: Methodology focuses on designing product tests prior to manufacturing to ensure quality, Kaoru Ishikawa: Introduced quality circles and the Ishikawa Diagram (fishbone diagram) for identifying root causes, Joseph A. DeFeo: Chairman and CEO of Juran, Expert on transformational change and breakthrough quality management, Noriaki Kano: Recognized different attributes of products/services and developed the Kano model for customer quality
• Quality Gurus and their Key Contributions


  • More information about the Juran Trilogy may be found by browsing our Knowledge Base. Alternatively, contact us to discuss and discover how we can help you design and implement quality initiatives that get real, measurable results
• Individuals and organizations are benefiting from the work and teachings of Dr. Joseph M. Juran, W. Edwards Deming, A. V. Feigenbaum, Philip Crosby, and Kaoru Ishikawa
• Quality management systems used by modern organizations incorporate, but have also evolved beyond, the fundamentals developed by the key 20th-century quality pioneers
• Mature quality control systems such as continually developing ISO standards, as well as key process improvement tools such as Six Sigma, continue to perform as guiding principles across the world
• Organizations like Juran’s continuing commitment to sharing knowledge through training, certification, and consultation contribute to the ongoing development of quality management skills and techniques across the world