Anaphy

• Anatomy


  Scientific discipline that investigates the structure of the body
• Physiology


  Scientific discipline that deals with the processes or functions of living things
• Two basic approaches to the study of Anatomy

  • Systemic Anatomy
  • Regional Anatomy
• Systemic Anatomy


  The study of the body systems, such as the cardiovascular, nervous, skeletal, and muscular systems
• Regional Anatomy


  The study of the organization of the body by areas. Within each region, such as the head, abdomen, or arm. All systems are studied simultaneously
• Two major goals of Physiology

  • To understand and predict the body’s responses to stimuli
  • To understand how the body maintains internal conditions within a narrow range of values in the presence of a continually changing internal and external environments
• Importance of studying Human Anatomy and Physiology

  • Provides the basis for understanding disease
  • Important for students planning a career in the health sciences
  • Helps in making decisions about health care
  • Allows distinguishing between useful medical treatments and harmful ones
• Human organ systems


  • Integumentary System
  • Skeletal System
  • Muscular System
  • Nervous System
  • Endocrine System
  • Cardiovascular System
  • Urinary System
• Integumentary System


  • Encloses and protects the body, site of sensory receptors, first defense against pathogens, regulates body temperature, eliminates wastes in sweat
• Skeletal System


  • Supports the body, gives it shape, enables movement, protects internal organs, stores calcium, produces red and white blood cells
• Muscular System


  • Consists of skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles, allows for voluntary and involuntary movements, controls beating of the heart
• Nervous System


  • Includes central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system (nerves throughout the body), controls voluntary and involuntary responses, detects and processes sensory information
• Endocrine System


  • Made up of glands that secrete hormones, controls body functions like metabolism, growth, and sexual development, pituitary gland is the master gland
• Cardiovascular System


  • Includes the heart, blood, arteries, veins, and capillaries, transports oxygen, nutrients, and waste materials throughout the body
• Urinary System


  • Includes kidneys that filter excess water and waste products
• Digestive system


  Nutrients are absorbed and waste products are excreted
• Urinary system


  1. Kidneys filter excess water and urea from the blood to form urine

  2. Kidneys produce renin and hormones to regulate blood pressure, red blood cell production, and calcium/phosphorus balance

  3. Ureters carry urine to the urinary bladder for storage and then excretion through the urethra
• Respiratory system


  1. Oxygen is delivered to the blood and carbon dioxide is removed from the body

  2. Gases are exchanged between the lungs and blood in the alveoli
• Lymphatic system


  1. Lymph vessels collect excess fluid and transport it to the bloodstream

  2. Lymph nodes and spleen remove pathogens and cellular debris from the lymph or blood
• Reproductive systems


  1. Female reproductive system includes ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus for fertilization and fetal development

  2. Male reproductive system includes testes, penis for sperm production and transfer, and hormone production
• Five organs vital for survival

  • Brain
  • Heart
  • Kidneys
  • Liver
  • Lungs
• Brain


  Functions as the body's control center, seat of thoughts, memories, perceptions, and feelings
• Heart


  Functions to keep blood flowing through the body, carrying substances to cells and removing wastes
• Kidneys


  Filter blood, form urine, and excrete it from the body
• Liver


  Filters blood, secretes bile for digestion, and produces proteins for blood clotting
• Lungs


  Main function is exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide with the blood
• Give 3phasesof the interphases:

  G1 phase

  S phase

  G2 phase
• 2 major elements in the cellular basis

  1.oxygen

  2.hydrogen
• 3 sub atomic particles

  1. Electron
  2. Neutron
  3. Proton
• Give the phases after the telophase and meoisis

  1.Cytokenisis

  2.Interkinesis
• It is major energy of the cell

  Answer : ATP
• They are paired tube organelle composed of protein called tubulin.

  Answer: Centrioles
• It refers to the intake of extracellular material through vesicle

  Answer : Endocytes
• It is the movement of substance from higher to lower concentration and does not energy in form of ATP.

  ANSWER : FACILITATED DIFFUSION
• A type of cell that contract in order to move bones or internal organs.

  Muscle cell
• A type of cell that stores nutrients for future use.

  Fat cell
• Cell cycle - control the growth and division of cells
• Ribosome- protein synthesizing center
• Smooth endoplasmic reticulum - produces steriod hormones and help secretion
• Smooth muscle cell- cell that contracts in order to move bonesor internal organs