𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐚𝐢𝐬𝐬𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 (①⑤⓪⓪-①⑦⓪⓪)

• how was there a change in ideas of cause of disease in the renaissance?

  a reduced trust in the church and a more scientific approach to disease.
• how was there continuity from the medieval period?


  ~ miasma remained the most popular theory.

  ~ four humours treatments continued initially but by 1700 very few physicians used them.
• how did the church lose influence?

  people began to look for newer explanations and new religious ideas challenged authority.
• how did the work of physicians and scientists change?

  ~ astrology and urine charts were no longer used.

  ~ more direct examinations were performed.
• who was Thomas Sydenham?

  a doctor in London who based treatment on the disease as a whole rather than individual symptoms.
• when was the printing press created?

  in around 1440.
• how did the printing press change the spread of ideas?


  people learned to read and the church couldn't control what was being learned.
• what was the royal society?

  a group of scientists sponsored by king Charles II to undergo research.
• what was the journal published by the royal society called?

  philosophical transactions.
• what occurred in 1536 that stopped care?

  the dissolution of the monasteries caused most hospitals to close.
• what is a pest house?


  where people suffering from a particular contagious disease could go.
• what treatments/preventions continued?


  ~ herbal remedies.

  ~ four humours treatments.
• what is community care?

  people being cared for at home and in their communities, often by women.
• what were the changes in treatment/prevention?

  ~ the theory of transference.

  ~ removal of miasma by emphasising cleanliness.
• why was there a lack of change?

  ~ ideas were slow to be accepted.

  ~ no further understanding of causes of disease.
• what was the continuity for apothecaries/surgeons?

  ~ inferior to physicians.

  ~ cheaper.

  ~ still not given any formal training.
• what was the change for apothecaries/physicians?

  ~ better trained.

  ~ a license was required, issued at the end of training.
• what was the continuity for physicians?

  ~ trained for many years at universities.

  ~ learned from textbooks.
• what was the change for physicians?

  ~ wide variety of medical books and drawings.

  ~ new ideas about anatomy and disease influenced them.

  ~ dissection was legalised.
• who was Andreas Vesalius?


  ~ improved understanding of the body.

  ~ made study of anatomy fashionable.

  ~ disproved Galen.

  ~ encouraged and inspired.
• what was Vesalius' book called?

  the fabric of the human body.
• when was Vesalius' book published and what did it contain?

  1543 containing anatomical drawings.
• when was the great plague?

  1665.
• what was the most believed cause of the great plague?


  miasma.
• what were the treatments for the great plague?

  ~ attempts to transfer the disease to animals.

  ~ sweating the disease out.

  ~ quarantines.
• what did plague doctors wear?

  costumes and beak masks, and carried a sweet-smelling pomander.
• how did the government act on the great plague?

  ~ closed large public gatherings.

  ~ killed animals in the streets.

  ~ mass burials for the dead.
• who was William Harvey?

  ~ disproved Galen.

  ~ had his work taught in medical schools.
• what did William Harvey discover?

  the circulation of blood.
• how did Harvey conduct his discovery?

  ~ dissected bodies and showed that blood flowed one way.

  ~ proved blood could not originate in the liver.

  ~ discovered arteries, veins and capillaries pump blood around the body to the heart.
• what was Harvey's book called?

  an anatomical account of the motion of the heart and blood in animals.
• when was Harvey's book published and what did it contain?

  1628 and contained anatomical detailed diagrams.