11. Origins of Psychology

• Who is considered the first psychologist?

  Wilhelm Wundt
• What did Wilhelm Wundt identify psychology as?

  A science
• Where was Wundt's lab located?

  Leipzig, Germany
• What did Wundt found?

  The Institute of Experimental Psychology
• What method did Wundt prefer for studying human behavior?

  Lab experiments
• What is Structuralism according to Wundt?

  Breaking down the mind into basic elements
• What technique did Wundt use to study behaviors?

  Introspection
• What is introspection?

  A process of focusing on internal experiences
• Why did Wundt believe he could compare reports of inner experiences?

  By describing inner experiences and perceptions
• What does Empiricism promote?

  Knowledge comes from observation and experience
• What are the two assumptions of Wundt's scientific approach?

  Determinism and predictability of behavior
• What is determinism in psychology?

  All behavior has a cause
• What is a criticism of Wundt's methods?

  His methods were unreliable
• Why was introspection considered unreliable?

  It involved non-observable responses
• How did Behaviorists view Wundt's methods?

  They were critical due to replicability issues
• What is a limitation of introspection according to psychologists?

  It may not uncover unconscious attitudes
• What is a strength of Wundt's scientific approach?

  It can establish causes of behavior
• How can scientific theories in psychology be refined?

  By fitting new facts into existing theories
• What is a limitation of the scientific approach in psychology?

  Lab behavior may lack real-world validity
• Why is much of psychology difficult to measure?

  It involves non-observable feelings
• What do some believe about studying all behavior scientifically?

  Not all behavior can be studied scientifically