Respiration

• way to increase the blood flow

  increased heart rate
• Name two useful substances that must be supplied to the muscles at a faster rate during exercise.

  Carbon

  Glucose
• Name the process that makes lactic acid in the athlete’s muscles.

  Anaerobic respiration
• Give two functions of the air bubbles

  Supply oxygen

  Temperature maintenance
• Why is glucose added to the fermenter?

  Energy
• Why is glucose added to the fermenter?

  Respiration
• It is important to prevent microorganisms other than Fusarium growing in the fermenter. Why is this important?

  Compete for food
• Suggest way in which contamination of the fermenter by microorganisms could be prevented.

  Steam

  Sterilise air intake
• Explain why lactic acid is produced during exercise.

  Insufficient amount of oxygen for aerobic respiration
•  

  Name the sub-cellular structures where aerobic respiration takes place

  Mitochondria
• Energy is released in respiration. Give two uses of the energy released in respiration.

  Keeping warm

  Active transport
• Describe two differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration in humans.

  anaerobic produces lactic acid and aerobic does not

  aerobic produces carbon dioxide and anaerobic does not
• Exercise cannot be sustained when anaerobic respiration takes place in muscle cells. Explain why.

  muscles become fatigued because not enough energy is transferred
• Describe how glucose from the small intestine is moved to a muscle cell.

  glucose is absorbed by diffusion into the bloodstream then blood delivers glucose to muscles in capillaries
• What does anaerobic mean?

  Without oxygen
• Explain how the change in blood flow to the athlete’s muscles helps him to run.

  Supplies oxygen and glucose for respiration releasing more energy
• Anaerobic respiration equation in plants

  C6H12O6 ⟶ 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 + 2ATP.

  Glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide + energy.
• Anaerobic respiration equation in humans:

  C6H12O6 -> 2C3H6O3

  Glucose->Lactic acid
• Aerobic respiration equation:

  C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
• respiration


  the process by which cells get energy from glucose. plants and animals respire. this is happening continuously.
• What happens during respiration?

  during respiration the cells break down food molecules (like sugar) and release the energy stored in the food.
• respiration equation

  C6-H12-O6 + 6O2 --→ 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
• photosynthesis and respiration

  during photosynthesis, plants use carbon dioxide and release oxygen. then during respiration organisms use oxygen and release carbon dioxide.
• fermentation


  the process that provides energy for cells without using oxygen
• lactic acid fermentation


  occurs in muscle cells during rigorous activity when the cells do not have enough oxygen so fermentation occurs and latic acid is produced
• Why does lactic acid fermentation happen?


  during physical activity, your muscles use up the oxygen you breathe faster than your lungs can replace it. the build up of lactic fermentation is why you might feel sore after you excersising.
• In what part of the animal cell does respiration mainly occur?

  in the mitochondria
• Where does an animal get glucose from?


  from the food it eats
• What does an animal get out of the process of respiration? How does it use the energy that is released?


  it needs to get energy from respiration. it uses the energy released from the food to live, grow, and reproduce.