Character

• Capitalist Views

  Birling represents the capitalist ideology, where individual success and self-interest are prioritized over collective responsibility. His rejection of social responsibility for others, especially the working class, is central to his character and the themes of the play.
• Arrogance and Hubris

  Birling’s overconfidence in his own views and status makes him an emblem of the upper class’s belief in their superiority. His statements about the Titanic, the future, and his own importance are all marked by dramatic irony, as the audience knows that events will soon prove him wrong.
• Patriarchal and Authoritarian

  Birling’s relationship with his family is one of dominance and control, reinforcing traditional gender roles and a hierarchical family structure. He expects obedience from his children and sees himself as the unquestioned head of the household.
• Refusal to Accept Responsibility

  Throughout the play, Birling repeatedly refuses to accept any responsibility for his role in the tragic events surrounding Eva Smith. His focus on self-preservation and reputation, rather than social duty or empathy, shows his moral shortcomings.