P1-atomic structure and periodic table

Subdecks (1)

Cards (79)

  • What are atoms?
    Smallest part of an element that can exist
  • What do chemical symbols represent?
    An atom of an element
  • How are compounds formed?
    By chemical reactions between elements
  • What do chemical reactions involve?
    Formation of new substances and energy change
  • What do compounds contain?
    Two or more elements in fixed proportions
  • How can compounds be represented?
    By formulae using atomic symbols
  • What is the formula for hydrochloric acid?
    HCl
  • How can compounds be separated?
    Only by chemical reactions
  • What is a mixture?
    Two or more substances not chemically combined
  • What happens to the chemical properties in a mixture?
    They remain unchanged
  • How can mixtures be separated?
    By filtration, crystallisation, and distillation
  • What are the processes used to separate mixtures?
    Filtration, crystallisation, distillation, chromatography
  • What is the first model of the atom?
    Atoms were thought to be tiny indivisible spheres
  • What did the discovery of the electron lead to?
    The plum pudding model of the atom
  • What did the alpha particle scattering experiment conclude?
    The mass of an atom is concentrated in the nucleus
  • What was aimed at the gold foil in the scattering experiment?
    A beam of alpha particles
  • What happened to some alpha particles in the experiment?
    They were deflected at different angles
  • What did the deflection of alpha particles indicate?
    Presence of a small positive charge in the nucleus
  • Who suggested that electrons orbit the nucleus?
    Neil Bohr
  • What did later experiments reveal about the nucleus?
    It can be subdivided into smaller particles
  • What are protons?
    Particles with a positive charge in the nucleus
  • What did James Chadwick provide evidence for?
    The existence of neutrons in the nucleus
  • What is the atomic number?
    The number of protons in an atom
  • Do all atoms of a particular element have the same number of protons?
    Yes, they do
  • How do atoms of different elements differ?
    They have different numbers of protons
  • What is the relative charge of a proton?
    +1
  • What is the relative charge of a neutron?
    0
  • What is the relative charge of an electron?
    -1
  • What is the overall charge of an atom?
    0, due to equal protons and electrons
  • What is the radius of an atom?
    About 0.1 nm
  • How does the radius of a nucleus compare to an atom?
    Less than 1/10,000 of the atom's radius
  • What holds almost all the mass of an atom?
    The nucleus
  • What is the mass number?
    Sum of protons and neutrons in an atom
  • What are isotopes?
    Atoms of the same element with different neutrons
  • How is relative atomic mass shown in the periodic table?
    As an average value considering isotopes' abundance
  • How do you calculate relative atomic mass from isotopes?
    Use the formula: ((mass x abundance) ÷ 100)
  • What is the relative atomic mass of carbon with isotopes carbon-14 and carbon-12?
    12.4
  • Where do electrons occupy in an atom?
    Lowest available energy levels closest to nucleus
  • What does the electronic structure of an atom indicate?
    How many electrons are in each shell
  • What is the electronic structure of sodium?
    2, 8, 1