Gaseous exchange

• What is the term used for a single alveolar structure?

  Alveolus
• What is the primary function of the alveolus?

  Gas exchange in the respiratory system
• What is the concentration of oxygen in the air we breathe?

  About 20%
• What is the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air we breathe?

  0.04%
• What is the diameter of red blood cells?

  7 micrometers
• What type of membranes are the cell walls of the alveolus and capillary?

  Partially permeable membranes
• What does a diffusion gradient refer to?

  Movement of gas from high to low concentration
• What happens to gases during diffusion across a partially permeable membrane?

  Gases move from high to low concentration
• What is the effect of a greater diffusion gradient?

  Faster rate of diffusion
• How does exercise affect the diffusion gradient for oxygen?

  It increases the diffusion gradient
• What is the net movement of oxygen during gas exchange in muscles?

  Oxygen moves from capillaries to muscles
• What is the net movement of carbon dioxide during gas exchange in muscles?

  Carbon dioxide moves from muscles to capillaries
• What is the role of hemoglobin in red blood cells?

  Transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide
• What happens to carbon dioxide produced during aerobic respiration?

  It is expelled from the body
• What is the relationship between exercise and gas exchange efficiency?

  Exercise increases gas exchange efficiency
• What is kinetic theory in relation to gas molecules?

  Gas molecules move randomly and collide
• How does the concentration of oxygen in the blood affect diffusion during exercise?

  Lower concentration increases diffusion rate
• What is the primary reactant for aerobic respiration?

  Oxygen
• What is the primary product of aerobic respiration?

  Carbon dioxide
• What is the significance of the alveolus in the respiratory system?

  It facilitates gas exchange
• What happens to the diffusion gradient during increased physical activity?

  It becomes steeper
• What is the role of capillaries in gas exchange?

  They transport gases to and from tissues
• How does the concentration of carbon dioxide in muscles change during exercise?

  It increases due to aerobic respiration
• What is the effect of increased carbon dioxide on the diffusion gradient?

  It enhances the diffusion gradient
• What is the significance of the gas exchange process in the alveolus?

  It maintains oxygen and carbon dioxide balance
• What is the primary function of muscle tissue during exercise?

  To utilize oxygen for aerobic respiration
• What happens to the oxygen concentration in muscles during exercise?

  It decreases as muscles use oxygen
• What is the relationship between diffusion and concentration gradients?

  Diffusion occurs down concentration gradients
• What is the role of the respiratory system in gas exchange?

  It facilitates the intake and release of gases
• How does the body respond to increased physical activity in terms of gas exchange?

  It enhances gas exchange efficiency
• What is the significance of understanding kinetic theory in gas exchange?

  It explains the random movement of gas molecules
• What is the primary purpose of breathing in relation to gas exchange?

  To supply oxygen and remove carbon dioxide
• What is the effect of a steep diffusion gradient on gas exchange?

  It increases the rate of gas exchange
• What happens to the concentration of oxygen in the capillaries during exercise?

  It decreases as oxygen is used
• What is the relationship between oxygen and carbon dioxide during gas exchange?

  They are exchanged in opposite directions
• What is the primary role of the alveolus in the respiratory system?

  To facilitate gas exchange between air and blood
• How does the body maintain oxygen levels during exercise?

  By increasing the rate of gas exchange
• What is the significance of the capillary's diameter in relation to red blood cells?

  It allows red blood cells to pass through
• What is the primary function of the capillary in gas exchange?

  To transport gases to and from tissues
• What happens to the concentration of carbon dioxide in the capillaries during exercise?

  It increases due to muscle activity