quiz2

• Ion Formation


  • Ionic Bond
  • Covalent Bond
• Electron Affinity


  1. Amount of energy released when a neutral atom or molecule gains an electron from outside

  2. Describes the release of energy to the surrounding

  3. Used to describe electron gaining
• Ionization Energy


  1. Amount of energy needed by a gaseous atom to remove an electron from its outermost orbital

  2. Describes the absorption of energy from outside

  3. Used to describe electron removing
• Electronegativity measures how strongly an atom attracts an electron
• Electronegativities increase from bottom left to top right
• Valence Electrons


  Outermost shell electrons that can interact with other atoms to form chemical bonds
• Octet Rule states that atoms tend to prefer having 8 electrons in their valence shell to possess an electronic configuration similar to the closest noble gas
• Atoms with more or less than 8 valence electrons participate in chemical bonds to attain the octet
• LEWIS DOT STRUCTURE


  1. Steps for drawing a Lewis Diagram:

  2. Count all the valence electrons

  3. Determine the central atom (the element there is only one of)

  4. Draw single bonds to the central atom

  5. Put all remaining valence electrons on atom as lone pairs

  6. Turn lone pairs into double or triple bonds to give every atom an octet (or duet)
• Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion


  Used to predict the shape of molecules from the electron pairs surrounding the central atoms of the molecule