positivism and interpretivism

• Why is empathy important in sociological research?

  To understand meanings attached to actions
• What are the key differences between Natural Science and Sociology?

  • Natural Science focuses on causation and observable phenomena
  • Sociology emphasizes meanings, interpretations, and unobservable aspects
  • Sociology considers conscious beings and free will
• What is Interactionism in sociology?

  It allows causal explanations without a hypothesis
• What risk do Glaser and Strauss highlight regarding hypotheses in research?

  They may impose researchers' views on data
• What is grounded theory in sociological research?

  Allowing ideas to emerge from collected data
• What do Phenomenology and Ethnomethodology reject?

  Cause explanations for human behavior
• What do Phenomenology and Ethnomethodology focus on?

  Shared meanings and their origins
• What types of data and methods are preferred in qualitative research?

  • Qualitative data
  • Methods:
  • Unstructured Interviews
  • Observations
  • Open Questionnaires
• What are the sociological perspectives related to qualitative research?

  • Social Action theories
  • Symbolic Interactionism
• Who are two notable sociologists associated with qualitative research?

  Weber and Garfinkle
• What are social facts in positivism?

  Institutions, norms, and values external to individuals
• What does induction involve in sociological research?

  Accumulating data through observation and measurement
• What does causality refer to in sociology?

  Relationships between cause and effect
• What type of data do positivists prefer?

  Quantitative data
• What method do positivists prefer for research?

  Experimental method of natural sciences
• What do positivists believe about subjective feelings in research?

  They should not impact research findings
• What types of data and methods are preferred in quantitative research?

  • Quantitative data
  • Methods:
  • Closed Questions
  • Structured Interviews
  • Experiments
• What are the sociological perspectives related to quantitative research?

  • Structural Approaches
  • Functionalism
  • Marxism
  • Feminism
• Who are two notable sociologists associated with quantitative research?

  Durkheim and Comte
• How should sociology approach research according to positivism?

  • Like natural sciences
  • Objective and logical