Logic and AND/OR

• What is an AND circuit in pneumatics?

  A circuit where the cylinder only operates if both valves are switched ON at the same time.
• How are valves connected in an AND circuit?

  The valves are connected in series.
• What is the practical use of an AND circuit?

  They are used in safety systems to ensure a machine only operates when certain conditions are met.
• Give an example application of an AND circuit.

  A pneumatic machine will only work if the safety guard is in place (both valves activated).
• Why is the AND circuit important for safety?

  It prevents operation unless all safety conditions are met, protecting users.
• What happens if only one valve in an AND circuit is ON?

  The cylinder will NOT operate.
• What does an OR circuit in pneumatics allow you to do?

  An OR circuit allows the cylinder to be activated if either of two valves are switched on.
• Which component is used to create an OR circuit in pneumatics?

  A shuttle valve is used to combine the outputs of two valves to make an OR circuit.
• Why is a shuttle valve necessary in an OR circuit?

  Without a shuttle valve, if one valve is on and the other is off, compressed air could escape through the off valve to the atmosphere. The shuttle valve prevents this.
• How does a shuttle valve work in an OR circuit?

  The shuttle (or ball) inside the valve moves to block one path and allow air from the active valve to pass through to the cylinder.
• What is a real-world application of an OR circuit?

  A sliding door that can be opened or closed from either side uses two OR operations so the cylinder can be activated by either control.
• What is required for an AND pneumatic circuit to activate a cylinder?

  Both valves (Valve A AND Valve B) must be pressed at the same time.
• What kind of logic is the AND circuit an example of?

  It is a logic circuit where both conditions must be true (both valves actuated) for an action to occur.
• In an AND circuit, when will the cylinder outstroke?

  Only when both Valve A and Valve B are ON (1).
• What component is typically used with valves to create an AND circuit?

  Two 3/2 valves connected in series to a single-acting cylinder.
• What is required for an OR pneumatic circuit to activate a cylinder?

  Either Valve A OR Valve B must be pressed.
• What component is essential for an OR circuit in pneumatics?

  A shuttle valve, which prevents compressed air from escaping through the unpressed valve.
• What happens in an OR circuit if both valves are off?

  The cylinder will not move — no outstroke occurs.
• In an OR logic truth table, when will the cylinder outstroke?

  When either Valve A or Valve B is 1 (ON), or both are 1.
• What symbol represents a shuttle valve in pneumatic circuit diagrams?

  A circle containing a solid dot between two T-shaped ports (as shown in the top-right of the image).