Expansion and Early Industrialization from 1790 to the 1850s

• The United States tried to be neutral during the international war, which resulted in breach of treaty signed with France in 1778.
• Tensions with Great Britain escalated when British ships seized American ships who they claimed were carrying French goods and the British didn’t leave forts in the American Northwest.
• This political tension inside and outside the country led to a contested election in 1796. John Adams won the election, but political parties began to emerge as a factor in the elections.
• By 1798, John Adams and the Federalist Congress passed a series of laws that severely limited American civil liberties.
• The French Revolution began in 1789.
• Federalists were increasingly divided between conservatives, such as Hamilton, and moderates, such as Adams who still saw himself as above party politics. Thomas Pinckney was a Federalist candidate.
• In order to expand the United States to the West, Jefferson purchased Louisiana from Napoleon for 15 million dollars. 
• The election of Jefferson led to the Republicans’ long-term success. Jefferson was sworn in March 1801 in Washington DC.
• Numerous Federalists were selected for judicial positions because they continued to hold a majority in politics.
• John Marshall served as Chief Justice and his decisions in many cases helped shape judicial power in the system of checks and balances.
• The democratic ideas of the Republicans led to the failed Gabriel’s Rebellion in Virginia, which resulted in the loss of rights for slaves.
• Jefferson’s election inaugurated a “Virginia Dynasty” that held the presidency from 1801 to 1825. 
• Native tribes united to resist American expansion into the West, which led to a conflict with the tribal leaders, including Tecumseh.
• American politics led to the War of 1812, which was fought with England. The Treaty of Ghent was signed in 1815, and it called for boundaries similar to before the war.
• Democratic-Republican 


  Jeffersonian Republican or Republican
• American roads were called turnpikes because they charged a fee.
• The Mandan villages were an important trade center that brought together many different indigenous groups as well as a handful of multilingual Frenchmen.
• Sacajawea was a Shoshone who was married to one of the fur traders and acted as a guide to the West
• As the United States grew and felt the impact of the Industrial Revolution, the economy began to change from an agricultural to an industrial-based economy.
• The factory system led to the development of entire cities built around a specific company or industry.
• The government built infrastructure around the country to make it easier to transport raw materials and finished goods.
• As a result of the second Great Awakening and the Industrial Revolution, the role of women in the home changed dramatically.
• The start of the American Industrial Revolution is often attributed to Samuel Slater who opened the first industrial mill in the United States in 1790 with a design that borrowed heavily from a British model.
• Outwork system whereby small parts of a larger production process were carried out in numerous individual homes.
• Factory system where work was performed on a large scale in a single centralized location
• Noah Webster declared that “America must be as independent in literature as she is in politics”.
• By the 1800s, the largest growing religions were Evangelical Methodism and Baptists
•  political views of evangelists

  Ordinary people should have as much power as the social or political elite.
• a series of religious revivals swept the United States from the 1790s and into the 1830s that transformed the religious landscape of the country. Known today as the Second Great Awakening
• New York’s Erie Canal was the most famous state-led creation of the Market Revolution.
• Charles Grandison Finney led a series of revivals in these newly developed areas along the erie canal during the great awakening.
• Female factory workers working for the Boston Associates were often called Lowell girls.
• As the party system grew, the expansion of voting rights for White men saw more men getting interested in politics
• Women and Black people were denied the same voting rights.
• The development of slavery as a crucial issue for national politics returned again in 1810 when Missouri petitioned to join as a slave state. 
• Andrew Jackson became president in response to the “corrupt bargain” struck between John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay in the year 1828.
• The War of 1812 closed with the Federalist Party all but destroyed. The 1816 presidential election was the last one when the Federalists ran a candidate.
• this period has often been called the Era of Good Feelings due to its one-party dominance but Democratic-Republicans were deeply divided internally and a new political system was to be created from the old Republican-Federalist that had been known as the First Party System.
• The New York politician Martin Van Buren played a key role in the development of the second party system. He rose to lead the new Democratic party by breaking from the more traditional leadership of his own Democratic-Republican party.
• The term ‘suffrage’ means the right to vote