Mutation And Meiosis

• What is the definition of Mutation?

  change in the order of bases in a gene & can be inherited spontaneously
• What are two types of Mutation?

  frame shift & point
• What is Frame-shift Mutation?

  one base pair is changed via substitution
• What is the definition of Point Mutation?

  codon is changed by removing that base
• What is the definition of Substitution Mis-sense in Mutation?

  one base change which causes different amino acids in protein
• What type of protein will be affected by Substitution Mis-sense in Mutation?

  tertiary
• What is the definition of Substitution Silent in Mutation?

  one base change which causes the same amino acid in the protein
• How does Substitution Silent affect the structure of protein?

  no affect
• What is the definition of Substitution Nonsense in Mutation?

  one base change which causes a stop codon to form & translation would stop
• How does Substitution Nonsense affect a protein?

  protein does not function
• What is the definition of Deletion in Mutation?

  significant change in codon that will cause a frame-shift
• What is the affect that Deletion has on proteins?

  protein will not function
• What is the definition of Mutagenic Agents?

  increase mutagenic rate
• Where does Meiosis occur?

  gamete cells
• Does Meiosis produce genetically identical daughter cells?

  no, genetically different
• How many daughter cells are produced in Meiosis?

  4
• What is the definition of a Haploid cell?

  half number of chromosomes (daughter cell)
• What is the definition of Diploid cells?

  full number of chromosomes (parent cell)
• What is the first step of Meiosis in Meiosis 1?

  homologous chromosomes pair up & their chromatids wrap around each other
• What is the second step of Meiosis in Meiosis 1?

  equivalent portions of chromatids may be exchanged in process - crossing over
• What is the third step of Meiosis in Meiosis 1?

  homologous pairs have repeated, one chromosome from each pair going into one of the two daughter cells
• What is the definition of Homologous chromosomes?

  pair of chromosomes, one maternal & one paternal, that have the same gene loci
• How many nuclear divisions are there in Meiosis?

  2 nuclear divisions